局地温度变化中各项因子的定量估算

基于安徽沿江地区高温、降水两类天气过程，利用逐时实测气温、NCAR/NCEP再分析资料提供的风、气温、垂直速度等资料，从天气学基本原理出发，由天气学原理和ω与w的换算关系式等估算局地气温的平流项、垂直项大小，并由实测气温经过计算获得非绝热项的估算值。结果表明，各项对于局地温度的升温作用为：平流项的变化相对比较复杂，就高温天气而言平流项的作用往往使得局地温度降低，但是两类天气平流项的作用非常弱；两类天气过程中的垂直项都导致局地温度升高，比例占1％～5％；可以说，安徽沿江地区局地温度的增温主要来自于非绝热项，增温比例常常超过95％，它对局地温度的升高具有举足轻重的作用。

Estimation of Every Element in Local Temperature Variation

Based on the observation and NCAR/NCEP reanalysis data, the advection term and perpendicular term of local temperature variation are estimated, and the non-adiabatic term is estimated too. The advection term varies with comparative complication, but its role is very weak. The perpendicular term leads to increase 1%-5%. The local temperature increment in Anhui is mainly from non-adiabatic term, and it takes significant role in local temperature increment.