强对流天气综合监测业务系统建设

强对流天气监测是其预报的基础.国家气象中心强天气预报中心利用多源观测资料(常规和非常规资料)建设了强对流天气综合监测业务系统.强对流天气的监测对象包括积云、地面高温、雷暴、地闪、冰雹、龙卷、大风、雷暴大风、短时强降水、雷暴反射率因子、对流风暴(基于雷达资料)、深对流云及中尺度对流系统(Mesoscale Convective Systems,MCS,基于静止卫星红外1通道资料)等不同时段的分布.发展的监测技术主要包括自动站资料质量控制技术、强对流信息提取和统计技术、直角坐标交叉相关雷达回波追踪(Cartesian Tracking Radar Echoes by Correlation,CTREC)技术、雷暴识别追踪分析和临近预报(Thunderstorm Identification Tracking Analysis and Nowcasting,TITAN)技术、深对流云识别技术、中尺度对流系统识别和追踪技术,以及闪电密度监测技术等.强对流天气监测系统自动定时运行,其输出数据与MICAPS业务平台完全兼容.该监测系统在国家气象中心的强对流天气预报业务中发挥了重要作用.

Operational System of Severe Convective Weather Comprehensive Monitoring

The convective weather forecasting is based on its monitoring. The Severe Weather Prediction Centre of National Meteorological Centre constructed an operational system of severe convective weather comprehensive monitoring based on the multi source data, including conventional observation data, automatic weather station (AWS) data, lightning data, radar data and satellite data. The convective weather monitoring includes cumuli, high temperature at surface, thunderstorm, cloud ground lightning, hail, tornadoes, high winds, thunderstorm high winds, short duration heavy rain, radar reflectivity, convective storms (based on radar data), deep convective clouds, and mesoscale convective systems (MCS) based on the IR satellite data. The system gives the different distributions of different convective weather in different periods. The techniques used in the system include: The quality control of AWS data, the extracting information and statistical technique of convective weather, (Cartesian Tracking Radar Echoes by Correlation, CTREC), (Thunderstorm Identification Tracking Analysis and Nowcasting, TITAN), identification of deep convective clouds, identification and tracking of MCS, and lightning density monitoring. The system of monitoring convective weather automatically runs regularly, fully compatible with the MICAPS platform. The monitoring system at National Meteorological Centre has played an important role in real time convective weather forecasting.