河北省雾凇和雨凇气候特征及气象条件分析

利用1980—2009年河北省142个气象站的雾凇、雨凇资料、河北省南部94个气象站的地面观测资料和邢台探空资料,分析了河北省雾凇、雨凇的时空分布特征;利用箱线图分析了河北省南部适宜雾凇、雨凇出现的温度、湿度和风速等气象条件。结果表明：（1）在空间分布上,雾凇、雨凇主要出现在河北省南部,东部平原多,西部山区少;在时间分布上,雾凇、雨凇均出现在11月至次年3月。（2）适宜雾凇出现的气象条件是雾日并且气温在-7.2～-3.1℃之间、相对湿度≥92%、风速≤1.2 m·s~（-1）;雾凇出现时,95%的情况出现了逆温层。（3）适宜雨凇出现的气象条件是雨日并且气温在-4.1～0℃之间、相对湿度≥87%;雨凇出现时均有逆温层出现。（4）雾凇、雨凇高值区的相对湿度明显高于低值区,因此相对湿度大是雾凇、雨凇高值区形成的主要原因。

Analysis of Climatic Features and Meteorological Conditions of Rime and Glaze in Hebei

Using rime and glaze observation data at 142 stations in Hebei Province,surface observation data at 94 stations in the southern Hebei Province and radiosonde data at Xingtai from 1980 to 2009,the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of rime and glaze are analyzed,and suitable meteorological conditions （temperature,humidity and wind） for rime and glaze are studied by the box-whisker plot.The results show that:（1） rime and glaze occur mainly in the southern Hebei Province from November to March the following year,and they are more frequent in eastern plains than western mountains;（2） the suitable meteorological conditions for rime are on fog days,and daily mean temperature is between -7.2 and -3.1℃,daily mean humidity≥92%,daily mean wind speed≤1.2 m·s^-1,and the probability of temperature inversions is about 95%when rime occurs;（3） the suitable meteorological conditions for glaze are rain days and daily mean temperature is between -4.1 and 0℃,daily mean humidity≥87%,and probability of temperature inversions is 100%when glaze occurs;（4） relative humidity in the high value area of rime and glaze is significantly higher than low value area.Therefore,higher relative humidity is the main cause for the formation of high occurrence area of rime and glaze.