流域面雨量估算技术综述

面雨量是水文气象中一个重要参量。面雨量的估算直接关系到洪水预报精度和洪水调度决策的科学性。由于降水空间分布的复杂性,如何准确估算流域面雨量一直是个科学难题。传统方法根据常规降水观测,应用空间分析技术来估算面雨量。随着非常规观测技术的发展,以雷达、卫星估测降水资料为主并结合自动气象站降水观测资料,通过资料融合来进行估算已成为流域面雨量估算技术的发展趋势。而以GIS为平台,实现数据分析和显示一体化管理则代表了面雨量业务系统的发展方向。通过水文模拟与水文观测的比较,可以对面雨量估算结果进行间接检验。

Watershed Areal Precipitation Estimation Technology: A Review

Areal Precipitation is an important parameter in Hydrometeorology, The estimation and prediction of areal precipitation are directly concerned with the accuracy of flood forecast and the decision making for flood dispatching, Owing to the complexity of spatial pattern of rainfall, how to accurately estimate areal precipitation still remains a scientific problem. Traditionally spatial analysis techniques are applied to regular precipitation data to estimate the areal precipitation. With the development of non-regular observational technologies, areal precipitation estimation based on data assimilation of radar and satellite data combined with automatic raingauge data has been the trend of areal precipitation estimation technology, while integrated management of data analysis and display built on GIS has been the mainstream of the operational system of area rainfall estimation. Through the comparison between hydrologic simulation and observation, the estimated areal precipitation can be indirectly validated.