MSU/AMSU微波亮温用于海洋高空大气温度气候变化研究的适用性探讨

利用美国大气海洋局卫星应用和研究实验室 (The Center for Satellite Applications and Research，STAR) 提供的MSU/AMSU卫星微波亮温资料V3.0版本，结合三套再分析资料数据集，通过对海洋上空不同高度、不同区域及不同季节的适用性分析，来探讨MSU/AMSU资料在热带海洋区域高空大气的温度变化特征，并通过合成分析揭示亮温资料与海洋的响应关系，从而探讨MSU/AMSU资料在热带海洋区域上的适用性和科学性。结果表明:（1）MSU/AMSU亮温资料在30 °E~70 °W，15 °S~15 °N范围的热带海洋区域适用性较好；（2）热带海洋区域对流层上层和中层大气均呈增温趋势，变化速率分别为0.045 K/(10 a) 和0.107 K/(10 a)，增温突变现象出现在1980年代末—1990年代初，平流层低层大气呈降温趋势，变化速率为-0.345 K/(10 a)，降温突变现象出现在1990年代中期；（3）在热带海洋区域，高空大气温度的变化趋势具有较强的区域性特征，相对于中东太平洋而言，印度洋-西太平洋区域的增、降温趋势变化更显著。对流层的增温幅度随高度的升高而有所降低。平流层低层的降温趋势在季节内变化不大，而对流层则是秋、冬季的增温趋势要明显大于春、夏季，冬季的增温尤为明显；（4）MSU/AMSU亮温资料对热带海洋温度异常有很好的响应关系，能在弥补海洋区域观测资料稀缺的情况下，对海洋区域起着较好的监测作用。 

Evaluation of the Applicability of MSU/AMSU Data to the Monitoring of Temperature Climate Changes in the Upper Air Over the Tropical Ocean

Based on MSU/AMSU microwave brightness temperature data derived from STAR V3.0, together with three kinds of reanalysis data sets, the temperature changes in the upper air over the tropical ocean are analyzed through examination of different heights, regions and seasons to evaluate the reliability of the application of MSU/AMSU data. Results are shown as follows: (1) The MSU/AMSU data is reliable in the tropical region, particularly in the domain of 30 °E~70 °W, 15 °S~15 °N; (2) The warming of the troposphere over the tropical ocean began in the late 1980 s and early 1990 s with a rate of 0.045 K/(10 a) and 0.107 K/(10 a) in the upper and middle troposphere respectively, while the cooling of the lower stratosphere started in the mid-1990s with a rate of-0.345 K/(10 a); (3) The spatial feature of the temperature changes in the upper air is quite robust over the tropical ocean, especially over the Indian Ocean and the western Pacific, and the seasonal temperature change in the lower stratosphere is more stable than in the troposphere, and the warming trend in the autumn and winter is more significant than in the spring and summer; (4) Compared with the NCEP/DOE, the MSU/AMSU data describes the atmospheric response to the tropical SST forcing better in the middle east Pacific, comparable in the Indian Ocean and worse in western Pacific, which suggested that MSU/AMSU data can be used to monitor the climate change over the tropical oceans.