广东沿海强东北季风的概率预报方法

用1979～1999年共21年资料分析了全球越赤道气流的空间分布,并初步讨论了东半球低层主要通道越赤道气流强度的年际变化特征。结果表明,全球越赤道气流分布存在明显的空间不对称性,即通道分布的高低层不对称性和沿纬圈不对称。低层通道窄而多,高层通道宽而少;东半球低层通道数目远较西半球多,且强度更强。无论高、低层,夏季越赤道气流总和都强于冬季。这也反映了南北半球空气质量交换的时空分布的不对称性,即空气质量的交换主要集中在夏季和东半球。 东半球低层越赤道气流的年际变化主要受TBO(2～3年周期)和ENSO(4～7年周期)的周期振荡影响,尤其是北半球夏季85 oE弱的越赤道气流年份基本上都与ENSO年相对应。这说明85 oE越赤道气流的强弱不仅决定于南北半球环流,还与热带纬向环流有关。而冬季105 oE越赤道气流的强弱不仅受TBO的影响,同时还受ENSO的影响。东半球各不同通道越赤道气流的年际变化特征必将对亚洲季风及降水有重要影响。

THE PROBABILITY FORECAST TECHNIQUE ON STRONG NORTHEAST MONSOON ALONG THE COAST OF GUANGDONG

In this article we made a statistical research on strong northeast monsoon along the coast of Guangdong province caused by cold air during the decade from 1988 to 1997. Several factors with high relevance to strong northeast monsoon are selected to make out the optimal combinations. 24 probability forecast equations are designed based on monthly and forecast period to construct the probability forecast technique for strong northeast monsoon forecast during winter and spring. With rational selection of predictors, scientific processing and fully objective and quantitative computation, the forecast method proves to be valuable in application in forecast practice.