广州地区春季污染雾的化学特征分析

使用2005年2～3月在广州地区采集的雾水样品资料，分析了广州地区污染雾雾水的化学组分；对3次典型污染雾过程雾水的离子浓度及其可能的来源进行了分析。广州地区的污染雾雾水中的诸离子浓度远高于雨水中的值，因而，雾不但造成视程障碍，而且是高浓度污染的液态颗粒物，对人体健康十分有害。在雾水中浓度最高的阴离子是SO4=, 其次是NO3-；在阳离子中Ca++、NH4+的浓度最高。雨水比雾水更酸，说明虽然雾水中的离子浓度较雨水高得多，但大量的离子成分中存在更多的缓冲物质，比如说NH4+和Ca++。雾水中的Ca++、SO4=、Mg++有明显的富集现象，广州地区的污染雾雾水主要受大陆环境和人类活动的影响。这期间广州地区出现严重污染雾与水汽充足和大量气溶胶污染粒子的存在直接有关。

STUDY ON THE CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF POLLUTING FOG IN GUANGZHOU AREA IN SPRING

Samples of fog water collected in the area of Guangzhou during February, March and April of 2005 are used in this work to study the chemical composition of fog water in polluting fog there. Four typical processes of polluting fog are analyzed in terms of ionic concentration and their possible sources. It is found that the concentration of various ions in fog water is much higher than that in rainwater. Fog not only blocks visual range but contains liquid particles that result in high degree of pollution and are very harmful to human health. SO4= is the anion with the highest concentration in fog water, followed by NO3-. For the cation, Ca++ and NH4+ are the highest in concentration. It is then known that rainwater is more acidic than fog water, indicating that ionic concentration of fog water is much higher than that of rainwater, but there are much more buffering materials in fog water, like NH4+ and Ca++. There is significant enrichment of Ca++, SO4=, and Mg++ in fog water. In the Guangzhou area, fog water from polluting fog is mainly subject to continental environment and mankind activity. The episodes of serious fog pollution during the time have immediate relationships with the presence of abundant water vapor and large amount of polluting aerosol particles.