不同环境风场条件下冷尾流对台风强度的影响

在不同的环境风场作用下台风移动路径出现差异，导致海洋冷尾流呈现不同的响应特征，从而对台风强度产生影响。利用海气耦合模式进行理想试验，模拟研究了在均匀的东、西风场条件下冷尾流的响应特征，以分析台风强度出现差异的原因。研究结果表明，在均匀的东风环境场与β效应的共同作用下，台风路径呈西北方向移动，冷尾流沿台风路径呈非对称分布，右侧降温幅度大于左侧，并持续影响台风内核海气界面热通量的输送。而均匀的西风环境场抵御了部分β效应，使得台风东移北抬，当强度增强到一定程度后向西北方向移动，最大幅度的冷尾流出现在台风南侧，眼区热通量的输送受冷尾流影响较小。另外，在台风快速加强阶段，眼区范围内的潜热通量输送对台风加强更为关键。 

Effect of Cold Wake on Typhoon Intensity in Different Environmental Wind Fields

Different typhoon tracks induced by environmental wind fields contribute to distinct responses of ocean cold wake, which affects typhoon intensity significantly. A series of idealized experiments are carried out by using a coupled atmosphere-ocean model to investigate the response characteristics of cold wake and its impact on typhoon intensity in different environmental wind fields. The results show that under the joint action of uniform eastern winds and β-effect, the typhoon moves northwest. The cold wake distributes asymmetrically along the typhoon track with the cooling rate on the right side greater than on the left side and persistently influences the heat flux transport from the inner-core of typhoon. The uniform western winds resist parts of the β-effect, which leads to the typhoon moving eastwards and then northwards. When the typhoon is enhanced to a certain level, it begins to move northwest, where the maximum cooling appears in its south. Therefore, the heat flux transport from the eye of typhoon is seldom affected by the cold wake. It is noted that the latent heat flux transport from the eye of typhoon is more important for typhoon development during its rapid intensification.