2000—2021 年影响山东的北上台风分类及降水落区分析

将2000—2021年影响山东的15个台风，按大尺度环流形势进行分类，以台风登陆之后500 hPa中纬度是否存在槽进行分类，可以分为3类：（1）中纬度有槽且形成闭合中心，台风与槽结合，在山东产生暴雨以上量级的降水；（2）中纬度只有高空槽，降水范围最大；（3）中纬度无明显槽脊，降水量和降水范围最小。以西太平洋副热带高压（简称“副高”）的位置分类，可分为3类：（1）副高西伸脊点过120°E且北部边缘过40°N，台风沿副高外围移动，降水最少；（2）副高西伸脊点不过120°E且北部边缘过40°N，高空槽与副高在中国沿海交汇，降水范围广，山东降水与台风位置有关。位置偏西，降水范围大；位置偏东，降水主要集中在山东半岛地区；（3）副高西伸脊点不过120°E且北部边缘不过40°N，台风环流中心较强，降水最强。以700 hPa环流形势分类，分为3类：（1）700 hPa有高压坝，降水范围最小；（2）700 hPa无高压坝，东北地区有冷涡，山东降水量和降水范围最大；（3）700 hPa无高压坝，中纬度存在大槽，降水量均可达大暴雨量级。

Analysis of Typhoons Impacte Shandong Province and Their Precipitation Area during 2000-2021

15 Typhoons are analyzed which affect Shandong Province from 2000 to 2021. They are classified according to the macroscale circulation. According to the trough of 500 hPa, they can be divided into three categories: (1) There is a trough and it forms a closed center. The typhoon combines with the trough. They produce torrential rain in Shandong Province. (2) There is only a trough. The precipitation area is the widest. (3) There is no obvious trough, the precipitation is the least. According to the location of subtropical high, they can also be divided into three categories: (1) The west ridge point of the subtropical high exceed 120°E and the northern edge exceed 40°N. Shandong Province have the least precipitation. (2) The west ridge point of the subtropical high is no more than 120°E and the northern edge exceed 40°N. The trough and the subtropical high converge on the coast of China. The precipitation relate to the position of typhoons. (3) The west ridge point of the subtropical high is no more than 120°E and the northern edge is no more than 40°N. The center of typhoon is strong. And the precipitation is the strongest. Classification by 700 hPa circulation: (1) There is a high pressure barrier in 700 hPa. The precipitation area is the minimum. (2) There is no high pressure barrier at 700 hPa, but there is a cold vortex in Northeast China. The precipitation area is the widest. (3) There is no high pressure barrier in 700 hPa, but there is a strong trough in mid-latitude. The precipitation can reach the rainstorm.