葡萄越冬防寒技术研究综述

葡萄冻害严重影响着我国北方葡萄的正常生产和品质,采取适宜的越冬防寒技术是确保葡萄产业健康发展的关键。通过查阅我国北方地区有关葡萄防寒越冬的相关方法和技术,以葡萄冻害入手,分别从覆盖保温被、保温膜、草帘等保温材料,埋土覆盖越冬防寒措施以及积雪覆盖的保温作用等多方面,分析对比了各防寒越冬技术的材料、原理、效果及优缺点。提出了以下建议:(1)葡萄安全越冬应采取因地制宜的措施,对于葡萄本身来说应采用综合的葡萄抗寒性锻炼,提高葡萄抗寒能力。(2)在探索不同地区切实有效、经济实惠的防寒越冬措施时,需要充分注重细节;不同覆膜技术和埋土技术应因地制宜,选择适合的安全越冬方式;在温度不是太寒冷的地区可采用机械埋土技术。(3)应该继续开发机械覆膜技术,以节约经济和劳力投入。(4)基于双层膜技术的保温效果及经济投入状况,以及自身在环保、耐磨以及人力投入较大等自身不足等特点,建议选择双层膜环保耐磨新材料,结合机械化覆膜新技术,在寒冷且风沙强烈的地区加以大力推广,这可能是未来葡萄防寒越冬措施的发展趋势。

Overview of the Techniques of Overwintering Protection against Cold of Grapes

Through collecting relevant methods and techniques related to grape cold-tolerance and overwintering protection in China. This pater starts with the grape frost damage, and comprehensively analyzes the related winter and winter-proof techniques. It deals with insulation materials covering insulation, cold insulation, covering non-woven cotton, plastic membrane, thermal insulation membrane, insulation materials such as straw curtains, straw, etc many aspects, and analyses and compares the materials, principles, effects, advantages and disadvantages of each cold-protection and overwintering techniques. It is proposed that the grape safety should be established for the long-term cold and cold-proof thoughts, and the comprehensive grape cold-resistance exercise should be adopted to improve the cold resistance capacity. It pays attention to exploring the suitable winter-protection measures for the application and cost-effectiveness in the region, and fully considers the details of the implementation of specific measures, which shows different covering membrane techniques and buried technology should be adapted to local conditions, a suitable safe wintering method should be chosen, and mechanical buried technology may be used in areas where the temperature is not too low. In addition, mechanical cover membrane technology should continue to be developed in order to save economic and labor input. From the aspects of the insulation effect and economic input of many techniques, it finally maintains that the double membrane covering technology should be vigorously promoted in areas in colder areas and with strong sand.