天山北坡酿酒葡萄成熟期降雨特征及其影响分析

掌握新疆天山北坡酿酒葡萄成熟期降雨特征，对科学制定酿酒葡萄种植规划，采取趋利避害的生产管理技术措施具有实际意义。基于天山北坡35个气象站1961-2016年8-9月逐日降雨资料，采用线性趋势法和ArcGIS空间插值技术，对过去56a该区域酿酒葡萄成熟期（8-9月）降雨日数、降雨量、连阴雨天气次数、连阴雨天气降雨强度等要素的时空变化进行研究，并对照前人关于该区域酿酒葡萄种植气候适宜性区划成果，对酿酒葡萄不同适宜种植区葡萄成熟期降雨特征及其影响进行分析。结果表明：天山北坡酿酒葡萄成熟期（8-9月）降雨日数、降雨量、连阴雨天气次数、降雨强度、大量以上降雨日数的空间分布均总体呈现随海拔高度的升高而增加的特点。1961-2016年，研究区酿酒葡萄成熟期除降雨日数总体以-1.16d·10a-1的倾向率极显著 (P=0.001)减少，大量以上降雨日数以0.07d·10a-1的倾向率显著 (P=0.05)增多外，降雨量、连阴雨天气次数、连阴雨天气日数及其降雨量变化趋势均不显著。天山北坡酿酒葡萄种植气候最适宜和适宜区葡萄成熟期的降雨量、降雨日数、连阴雨天气次数、连阴雨天气日数及其降雨量都很小，期间总降雨量大多不足40 mm、降雨日数少于20 d、大量以上降雨日数不足1 d、连阴雨天气次数少于0.3次、连阴雨天气日数少于5d、连阴雨天气降雨量不足25mm，该分区降雨量以及连阴雨天气少，对提高酿酒葡萄产量和品质十分有利。酿酒葡萄次适宜种植区葡萄成熟期降雨天气稍多，降雨量40～90 mm、降雨日数20～25 d、大量以上降雨日数1～2 d、连阴雨天气次数0.3～1.0次、连阴雨天气日数5～8 d、连阴雨天气降雨量25～40 mm，对酿酒葡萄产量和品质有一定不利影响。天山北坡8-9月降雨量90 mm以上、降雨日数30d以上、大量以上降雨日数2d以上、连阴雨天气次数多于1.0次、连阴雨天气日数8d以上、连阴雨天气降雨量40 mm以上的区域均在海拔1500m以上的山区，该区域恰恰也是酿酒葡萄不适宜种植区，因此对酿酒葡萄无影响。综上所述，新疆天山北坡酿酒葡萄种植区尤其是适宜及最适宜种植区葡萄成熟期的降雨量、降雨日数、连阴雨天气次数和日数都较小，且近56a稳定少变，因此，对该区域酿酒葡萄生产的影响较小。

Precipitation Characteristics and its Influence of Maturation Period of Wine Grape on Northern Slope of Tianshan Mountains Xinjiang

It is the practical significance for planting plan of scientific making wine grape and adopting production management measures to master the rainfall characteristics of wine grape in the north slope economic zone of TianShan Xinjiang.Based on the daily precipitation data of August to September from 1961 to 2016 for 35 meteorological stations on the north slope of Tian-Shan,it were used the linear trend method and ArcGIS spatial interpolation technique,The spatio-temporal changes in the number days of precipitation,the amount of precipitation and the number of continuous overcast rainy and the intensity of rainfall to be analyed in the mature stage of wine grape.combined with the climatic suitability zoning index of wine grape, It were compared the possible effects of precipitation of the mature stage of the wine grape and its climatic suitability.The results showed that the number days of precipitation,the amount of precipitation, the number of continuous overcast rain and the intensity of rainfall of the suitable planting zone of the mature stage of the wine grape were very small to improve the yield and quality of grapes, reduce the occurrence of diseases and pests are very beneficial. There are more rainfall weather in sub-suitable planting area, which has a certain adverse effect on the improvement of fruit quality and the control of diseases and insect pests.