基于旋翼无人机的大气边界层环境气象垂直观测及订正方法的研究

基于旋翼无人机开展大气边界层观测可为气象要素和大气污染物垂直结构的研究提供具有高时空解析能力的新方法,有助于深入理解低层大气物理化学变化机制。本文详述了旋翼无人机在开展大气边界层环境气象垂直观测实验的应用及优势。基于自主研发的旋翼无人机环境气象观测平台,通过开展传感器在无人机上不同的搭载位置,以及旋翼无人机与探空气球、高塔的对比观测实验,明确了旋翼无人机对气象环境观测的影响及合理的搭载方式。研究进一步在湖北重污染天气条件下开展了0—1000 m的大气边界层垂直观测,并研发了基于旋翼无人机姿态数据的大气边界层气象要素及污染物垂直观测的订正方法。结果表明:实验获取了2—10 m垂直分辨率的高质量大气廓线数据,可精细捕捉大气边界层及其逆温层高度和污染物浓度等要素的垂直变化特征。本文旨在为无人机观测的科研应用提供一种技术可行且数据可靠的观测手段。

Research on vertical observation and correction method of environmental and meteorological elements in ABL using rotorcraft UAV

The observation of the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) using rotorcraft Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) can provide a new approach with high temporal and spatial analysis ability for studying the vertical structure of meteorological elements and atmospheric pollutants, which is also helpful for the in-depth understanding of the physical and chemical mechanism of lower-layer atmosphere.This article systematically summarized the rotorcraft UAV-based ABL observational experiments and their advantages.The impact of rotorcraft UAV on meteorological and environmental observation and its suitable boarding scheme were illustrated by placing sensors at different positions of self-developed ABL UAV observation platform and conducting comparative observation experiments among rotorcraft UAV, air sounding balloons, and high observation tower.The experiment of vertical observation in ABL from 0-1000 m under a heavy pollution condition was carried out in Hubei province and suitable correction schemes for vertical observation of meteorological elements and pollutants in ABL combing with UAV's attitude data were also developed.The results show that a set of high-quality atmospheric profile data with a vertical resolution of 2 m to 10 m is acquired based on the above-mentioned experiments, which can finely capture the vertical change characteristics of some elements such as the heights of ABL and its temperature inversion layer as well as pollutants concentration.This research aims to provide an available observation method with feasible technical solutions and robust data for the scientific application of observation using rotorcraft UAV.