冀中“寿光五代”温室番茄冻害气象指标及时间变化特征

利用河北省中部地区“寿光五代”日光温室内外气象资料和番茄生长发育资料，采用回归分析、小波变换及突变检验方法，分析了冀中地区“寿光五代”温室的增温效果，建立了不同天气状况下温室内外最低气温回归模型，确定了不同等级番茄冻害温室外最低温度指标，并分析了历年达到冻害指标日数的时间分布及多尺度周期变化特征。结果表明：晴天、多云和阴天天气状况下，温室内日最低气温随外界日最低气温变化而变化，二次曲线拟合最优，相关系数分别为0.896、0.895和0.414；晴天、多云和阴天时番茄重度冻害指标分别为TD(室外日最低温度) ≤-15.0 ℃、TD≤-17.5 ℃、TD≤-16.5 ℃；晴天、多云和阴天时番茄中度冻害指标分别为-15 ℃＜TD≤-13.0 ℃、-17.5 ℃＜TD≤-14.5 ℃、16.5 ℃＜TD≤-14.0 ℃，晴天、多云和阴天时番茄轻度冻害指标分别为-13.0 ℃＜TD≤-8.5 ℃、-14.0 ℃＜TD≤-9.5 ℃、-14.5 ℃＜TD≤-9.0 ℃。冻害发生日数年均42.0 d，重度冻害发生日数平均为3.6 d，发生时段主要集中在12月上旬至2月下旬，20世纪70年代中期至2010年呈持续下降趋势，且在1986年发生突变；达到重度冻害指标日数存在7 a、15 a震荡周期，达到中度冻害日数存在5 a、10 a和20 a震荡周期，达到轻度冻害日数存在10 a和18 a周期；根据温室外天气条件将冻害分为三种类型：晴冷型、寡照型和混合型，2012年11月至2013年2月冀中地区不同类型冻害日数分别为12.0 d、22.0 d和36.0 d，分别占总日数的17.1 %、31.4 %和51.4 %。

Meteorological index of freeze injury for tomato in "shouguang wudai"greenhouse and its temporal change characteristics in the middle of Hebei province

Based on the observed meteorological data within a greenhouse,tomato growth investigation data and meteorological data from weather stations in the middle of Hebei province,increasing temperature effect of green-house planting a tomato was analyzed,and regression models about daily minimum temperature forecast index in-side and outside greenhouse for freeze injury were established in different weather conditions.At the same time,the minimum temperature index for tomato freeze injury of different levels was ascertained,and time distribution and multi-time-scale features of freeze injury were discussed by methods of a regression analysis,a wavelet analysis and a climatic abrupt change analysis.The results show that the daily minimum temperature inside the greenhouse changes with that outside the greenhouse in clear,cloudy and overcast days,and both relationships can be fitted in terms of a quadratic curve.Corresponding correlation coefficients in three weather conditions are 0.896 ,0.895 and 0.414,respectively.Temperature forecast index for severe freeze injury is Td（daily minimum temperature outside the greenhouse）≤-15.0℃,Td≤-17.5 ℃and Td≤-16.5 ℃in three weather conditions respectively;the cor-responding values for moderate and mild freeze injury are -15 ℃〈Td≤-13.0 ℃,-17.5 ℃〈Td≤-14.5 ℃,-16.5 ℃〈Td≤ -14.0 ℃ and -13.0 ℃ 〈Td≤ -8.5 ℃,-14.0 ℃〈Td≤ -9.5 ℃,-14.5 ℃ 〈Td≤-9.0 ℃ respectively.Annual mean freeze injury day is 42.0 days.It is 3.6 days for severe freeze injury and mainly occurs from early December to late February.It is in a decreasing trend for tomato freeze injury from the middle of 1970s to 2000s,and there is an abrupt change in 1986.There are 7 years and 15 years periods for the number of days of severe freeze injury,5 years,10 years and 20 years periods for that of moderate one,and 10 years and 1 8 years periods for that of mild one in the middle of Hebei province.Freeze injury can be divided into three types according to temperature outside the