1962—2017年辽宁省设施农业生长季寡照灾害时空特征及影响因素

利用辽宁省28个气象站日照时数观测数据，采用Fortran语言自动识别技术和统计诊断分析方法，以设施黄瓜和茄子为例，分析了1962-2017年辽宁省设施农业生长季寡照灾害发生频数的时空变化特征。结果表明：气候态下，辽宁省设施黄瓜和茄子轻度寡照灾害发生频数占总发生频数的百分比高达96.1%，中度寡照灾害发生频数仅占总发生频数的3.9%，且近56 a没有发生重度寡照灾害。轻度寡照灾害发生频数呈经向型分布，辽宁西部地区最少，辽宁北部和辽宁东部地区最多；11月发生频数最多，2月和3月最少。轻度寡照灾害发生频数空间上阜新东部和朝阳东部增加趋势最大，时间上气候倾向率为0.68次·（10 a）^-1，并且在1999年前后发生了显著的年代际突变。轻度寡照灾害发生频数与同期风速呈显著负相关，与相对湿度和降水日数呈显著正相关。风速和降水日数对辽宁大部地区寡照灾害发生频数的线性增加影响显著，相对湿度则对辽宁局部地区的线性增加影响显著。1962年以来，辽宁省设施黄瓜和茄子最易发生轻度寡照灾害，且发生频数在时间和空间上均呈显著增加趋势。

Temporal and spatial variation characteristics of sparse sunlight disaster and its impact factors in the facility agriculture growing season in Liaoning province from 1962 to 2017

Based on the daily observed sunshine duration data of 28 meteorological stations in Liaoning province from 1962 tO₂017 and Fortran language automatic recognition technology and statistical diagnostic analysis method,the temporal and spatial variations of sparse sunlight disaster in the facility agriculture growing season were analyzed taking cucumbers and eggplants as examples.The results show that the frequencies of mild sparse sunlight disaster account for 96.1%of the total,whereas the frequencies of moderate sparse sunlight disaster only account for 3.9%,and there is no severe sparse sunlight disaster during the 56 years.Spatially,the frequencies of mild sparse sunlight disaster appear a zonal pattern with the lowest frequency in the west and the highest frequency in the north and east of Liaoning province,with the most significant increasing trends in east Fuxin and east Chaoyang.Temporally,the frequencies of mild sparse sunlight disaster appear the most in November whereas the least in February and March,with a climatic trend rate of 0.68 per 10 years and a significant inter-decadal mutation around 1999.The frequencies of mild sparse sunlight disaster are negatively correlated with the wind speed,whereas positively correlated with the relative humidity and rainfall days.Wind speed and rainfall days have a significant influence on the linear increasing trend of the frequency of mild sparse sunlight disasters over most parts of Liaoning province,while relative humidity has a significant influence on it over individual parts.Since 1962,cucumbers and eggplants are the most vulnerable to mild sparse sunlight disaster in Liaoning province,showing significant linear increasing trends spatially and temporally.