气候变化对中国东北地区典型城市办公建筑能耗的影响

利用中国东北地区三个典型城市（哈尔滨、长春和沈阳）1961—2019年的气温、相对湿度等气象资料和TRNSYS软件模拟的能耗资料，分析了气候变化对东北地区办公建筑设计气象参数的影响，研究了气候变化对办公建筑能耗的影响及其影响因子。结果表明：与1961—1990年相比，近30 a（1991—2019年）东北地区三个城市的办公建筑室外设计计算参数，即供暖室外计算温度、冬季空调室外计算温度和夏季空调室外计算温度均有所升高，且夏季空调室外计算温度升幅低于其他两个设计参数，三个城市供暖室外计算温度分别升高了2.1℃、1.7℃和0.2℃；1961—2017年三个城市办公建筑冬季供暖能耗均呈减少趋势，夏季制冷能耗均呈增加趋势，年总能耗呈减少趋势；哈尔滨和长春的变化速率大于沈阳，三个城市的办公建筑年总能耗减少速率分别为5.02 MJ·m^-2/10 a、6.15 MJ·m^-2/10 a和1.99 MJ·m^-2/10 a。气温是影响东北地区城市办公建筑能耗的主要气象因子，分别可以解释三个城市冬季供暖能耗95%、96%和93%的变化和夏季制冷能耗72%、71%和72%的变化；气温每升高1℃，三个城市的冬季采暖能耗将分别减少20.6 MJ·m^-2、21 MJ·m^-2和18.9 MJ·m^-2，夏季制冷能耗将分别增加15.1 MJ·m^-2、16.1 MJ·m^-2和18.8 MJ·m^-2，年总能耗将分别减少5.5 MJ·m^-2、4.9 MJ·m^-2和0.1 MJ·m^-2。

Effect of climate change on energy consumption in office buildingin Northeast China

Based on the meteorological data including air temperature,relative humidity,etc,and energy consumption data simulated with Transient System(TRNSYS)from 1961 to 2019 in three typical cities(Harbin,Changchun,and Shenyang)in Northeast China,we analyzed the impact of climate change on design meteorological parameters and energy consumption in office buildings.The results showed that the values of three office-building outdoor design parameters(i.e.,outdoor design temperature for heating,and outdoor design temperature for winter air-conditioning,and outdoor design temperature for summer air-conditioning)increase in Northeast China during the past 30 years(1991-2019)in comparison with years of 1961-1990.The outdoor design temperature for summer air-conditioning has a lower increase than the rest two parameters.The outdoor design temperature for heating in the three typical cities increases by 2.1℃,1.7℃,and 0.2℃,respectively.During 1961-2017,the heating energy consumption of office buildings in the three cities shows a decreasing trend in winter and an increasing trend in summer,and the annual cumulative energy consumption exhibits a declining trend.The decreasing rate of annual total energy consumption in Harbin and Changchun is higher than in Shenyang,at a rate of 5.02 MJ·m^-2/10 a,6.15 MJ·m^-2/10 a,and 1.99 MJ·m^-2/10 a,respectively.Air temperature is a major meteorological factor that affects the energy consumption in an office building in Northeast China,accounting for 95%,96%,and 93%of the variation in winter heating energy consumption and 72%,71%,and 72%of the variation in summer cooling energy consumption at three cities,respectively.With a 1℃increase in temperature in the three cities,winter heating energy consumption will decrease 20.6 MJ·m^-2,21 MJ·m^-2,and 18.9 MJ·m^-2,summer cooling energy consumption will increase 15.1 MJ·m^-2,16.1 MJ·m^-2,and 18.8 MJ·m^-2,and the annual cumulative energy consumption will decrease 5.5 MJ·m^-2,4.9 MJ·m^-2,and 0.1 MJ·m^-2,respectively.