1966—2018年秦皇岛气候舒适度时空变化特征

利用1966—2018年气象资料，采用气候舒适度评价及趋势分析方法，对秦皇岛地区近53 a气候舒适度变化进行分析。结果表明：秦皇岛北部山区、中部平原和东南沿海三个区域的气候舒适度变化趋势一致，存在空间差异性。整体上，秦皇岛气候舒适度以舒适至冷凉特征为主，各区域舒适和较舒适等级占47%—49%，冷不舒适等级占34%—37%，炎热及更热不舒适等级极少。近53 a，夏季、冬季气候舒适度均呈增暖趋势，冬季增暖幅度大于夏季。热不舒适日数自20世纪90年代开始激增且持续偏多，寒冷不舒适日数呈逐年代减少态势；在空间上，热不舒适日数随着测站高程和纬度的降低而增多，寒冷不舒适日数与之相反。5—10月气候舒适或较舒适，秦皇岛全域皆为旅游、疗养适宜期；7—8月无酷暑，“微热”的天气为人们提供畅游大海的有利气象条件；3月、4月和11月气候偏冷凉，是户外登山的大好时机；12月至翌年2月寒冷不舒适，不适宜大众旅游疗养，适宜开展冰雪旅游活动。因此，可以认为秦皇岛全域、全季皆适宜旅游，由此为秦皇岛市旅游开发与规划及研究气候变化对旅游业的影响提供依据，为来到“秦皇山海、康养福地”的康养群体提供生活和出游气象服务指导。

Spatio-temporal variation of climate comfort degree in Qinhuangdao during 1966-2018

Based on meteorological data during 1966-2018, the variation of climate comfort degree (CCD) in Qinhuangdao over the past 53 years was analyzed using the methods of climate comfort evaluation and trend analysis.The results show that the change trends of CCDs in the northern mountainous area, the central plain and the southeastern coastal areas in Qinhuangdao are generally consistent, and present some spatial differences.In general, Qinhuangdao features mainly comfortable to cool climate.The CCDs of comfort and relative comfort levels account for 47% to 49%, and that of cold discomfort level accounts for 34% to 37%, and those of hot and hotter discomfort levels are rare.In the past 53 years, Qinhuangdao shows a warming trend in both summer and winter, and the warming range in winter is larger than that in summer.Meanwhile, the hot discomfort days have sharply increased, and the cold discomfort days have decreased year by year since the 1990s.The number of hot discomfort days increases with the decrease of altitude and latitude of the station, while the situation of the cold discomfort days is the opposite.In Qinhuangdao, the comfortable or relatively comfortable climate from May to October is suitable for tourism and recuperation, the slightly hot weather without intense heat in July and August is suitable for swimming in the sea, and the relative cold climate in March, April and November is suitable for mountain climbing.However, the cold and uncomfortable climate from December to February is not suitable for mass tourism, but is suitable for ice and snow tourism activities.Therefore, it can be thought that Qinhuangdao is suitable for tourism in all seasons, which provides a basis for tourism development and planning and for studying the impacts of climate change on tourism, and also provides life and travel weather service guidance for the recuperation people who come to Qinhuangdao known as "Qinhuangshanhai, Kangyangfudi".