黄淮海地区冬小麦农业气象指标体系的构建

冬小麦农业气象指标体系是定量评价冬小麦农业气象条件优劣和发布灾害预警预报的基础,更是农业气象业务服务的基础。在解释冬小麦农业气象指标内涵的基础上,参照冬小麦农业气象指标体系构建的通则,综合农业气象指标研究方法的优缺点,构建了由4个一级指标、21个二级指标构成的我国黄淮海地区冬小麦农业气象指标体系。其中一级指标由冬小麦品种特性农业气象指标、关键生育期农业气象指标、主要农业气象灾害指标、主要病虫害指标四大类构成。冬小麦品种特性农业气象指标由反映品种特性和地域布局的指标构成,包括品种类型、区域布局和耕作栽培管理气象指标;关键生育期农业气象指标由反映关键生育阶段气象条件适宜与否的指标构成,包括播种出苗期、分蘖期、越冬期、返青期、拔节期、抽穗开花期、乳熟期、成熟收获期气象指标;主要农业气象灾害指标由反映受灾程度的指标构成,包括干旱、越冬冻害、晚霜冻、湿渍害、干热风、烂场雨等;主要病虫害指标由反映病虫害发生发展程度的指标构成,包括白粉病、赤霉病、锈病、蚜虫等。此外,还对指标的筛选和综合集成及赋权方法进行了探讨。

Construction of Agrometeorological Index System for Winter Wheat in HuangHuaiHai Region

The agrometeorological index system of winter wheat is the basis of quantitatively evaluating agricultural meteorological condition of winter wheat and issuing agricultural meteorological disaster warning and forecasting,also the basis of agrometeorological services.This paper explained the connotation of agrometeorological index of winter wheat,and the advantages and disadvantages of the research methods on agrometeorological index were comprehensively compared and analyzed,then based on general rule of establishing agrometeorological index system of winter wheat,the agrometeorological index system of winter wheat in HuangHuaiHai(HHH)region is established,which consists of four first grade indices and twenty one second grade indices.The first grade indices consist of four categories:agrometeorological index of winter wheat varieties properties,agrometeorological index in the key development periods of winter wheat,the main agricultural meteorological disaster index,the main physiological and meteorological index of diseases and pests of winter wheat.The agrometeorological index of winter wheat varieties properties consists of meteorological index of variety types,regional layout and cultivation management reflecting varieties properties and regional layout.The agrometeorological index in the key development periods of winter wheat consists of meteorological index of sowing and seedling stage,tillering stage,wintering stage,regreen stage,jointing stage,heading and flowering stage,milk ripe stage,maturing stage,which is mainly composed of index reflecting whether meteorological condition suitable or not in the key growth period.The main agricultural meteorological disaster index of winter wheat consists of the index of drought,winter freezing,late frost,waterlogging,dry hot wind,continuous rain in harvest time which reflects different disaster degree.The main disease and pest index is mainly composed of wheat powdery mildew,wheat scab,wheat rust,wheat aphids.This paper also researches the methodologies in filtering index and comprehensive integration index and weighting method.