A physically-based model of long-term food demand |
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| Institution: | 1. Plant Ecologist, Hill & Mountain Research Centre, Future Farming Systems, SRUC Scotland’s Rural College, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, Scotland, UK;2. Upland Ecologist, Hill & Mountain Research Centre, Future Farming Systems, SRUC Scotland’s Rural College, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, Scotland, UK;3. Livestock Systems Scientist, Hill & Mountain Research Centre, Future Farming Systems, SRUC Scotland’s Rural College, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, Scotland, UK;4. Environmental Researcher, Hill & Mountain Research Centre, Future Farming Systems, SRUC Scotland’s Rural College, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, Scotland, UK;5. Head, Hill & Mountain Research Centre, Future Farming Systems, SRUC Scotland’s Rural College, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, Scotland, UK.;1. Center for Environmental Systems Research (CESR), University of Kassel, Germany;2. Geography Department, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany;3. Integrative Research Institute on Transformations of Human-Environment Systems, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany;1. Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), P.O. Box 60 12 03, 14412 Potsdam, Germany;2. Department of Geography, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Unter den Linden 6, 10099 Berlin, Germany;3. Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy (ATB), Max-Eyth-Allee 100, 14469 Potsdam, Germany;4. Department of Agricultural Economics, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Unter den Linden 6, 10099 Berlin, Germany |
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| Abstract: | Reducing hunger while staying within planetary boundaries of pollution, land use and fresh water use is one of the most urgent sustainable development goals. It is imperative to understand future food demand, the agricultural system, and the interactions with other natural and human systems. Studying such interactions in the long-term future is often done with Integrated Assessment Modelling. In this paper we develop a new food demand model to make projections several decades ahead, having 46 detailed food categories and population segmented by income and urban vs rural. The core of our model is a set of relationships between income and dietary patterns, with differences between regions and income inequalities within a region. Hereby we take a different, more long-term-oriented approach than elasticity-based macro-economic models (Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) and Partial Equilibrium (PE) models). The physical and detailed nature of our model allows for fine-grained scenario exploration. We first apply the model to the newly developed Shared Socio-economic Pathways (SSP) scenarios, and then to additional sustainable development scenarios of food waste reduction and dietary change. We conclude that total demand for crops and grass could increase roughly 35–165% between 2010 and 2100, that this future demand growth can be tempered more effectively by replacing animal products than by reducing food waste, and that income-based consumption inequality persists and is a contributing factor to our estimate that 270 million people could still be undernourished in 2050. |
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| Keywords: | Food demand Food demand projections Food waste Dietary change Income inequality Income elasticity Urban Rural Integrated assessment models Shared socio-economic pathways Undernourishment |
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