城市化对固原气温变化趋势的影响

使用宁夏固原与六盘山气象站1971—2010年逐月平均气温、最高气温、最低气温资料以及固原1981年以来的GDP与人口数据，以六盘山为背景分析了城市化对固原气温变化趋势的影响。结果表明：40a来六盘山和固原年与四季平均气温、最低、最高气温均呈显著上升趋势，20世纪80年代比70年代偏高幅度较小，21世纪00年代比前10a偏高幅度最大，最低气温比最高气温、冬季气温比夏季气温、固原比六盘山气温偏高更显著；固原与六盘山气温存在明显的非对称性，且固原的非对称性明显大于六盘山的，冬夏季更突出；城市化影响加速了固原年与四季平均气温、最低气温、年和冬春最高气温的升温，对于气温非对称性变化的形成起主导作用。

Effect of Urbanization on Variation Trends of Air Temperatures in Guyuan

Based on the monthly mean, maximum and minimum air temperatures from 1971 to 2010 in Guyuan and Liupanshan moun- tain weather stations and GDP and population data in Guyuan, the effect of urbanization on the variation trend of the air temperatures was analyzed with the Liupanshan mountain stations as the background field. The results show that the mean, maximum and minimum air temperatures of Liupanshan mountain and Guyuan had a significant upward trend in the past 40 years. The temperature in the 1980s was higher slightly than that in the 1970s, and the magnitude of the warming in the 2000s was the highest in the past 40 years. In- crease in the minimum air temperature was more dominant than that in the maximum air temperatures, the air temperature in winter was more outstanding than that in summer, and the temperature in Guyuan was more significant than that in Liupanshan mountain. With the temperature variation characteristics of Guyuan, the maximum and minimum temperature in Liupanshan mountain existed an obvious a- symmetrical variation, but the asymmetry of Guyuan was bigger than that of Liupanshan mountain, especially during the winter and summer, the asymmetry was more prominent. In addition, the influence of urbanization had accelerated the increase of the annual and seasonal mean temperature, the minimum temperatures and the maximum temperature in summer and winter in Guyuan, and it may play a leading role in the formation of asymmetrical temperature variation and depressing the maximum temperature in summer going up.