南四湖对鲁西南气温分布的影响

利用1981—2015年鲁西南25个气象站35 a整编资料及2015—2019年部分区域气象站逐小时数据资料，系统分析了鲁西南气温分布特征及南四湖在其分布中的贡献，揭示出：年平均气温在东南部湖区呈现出与南四湖东南—西北走向一致的暖舌，南四湖改变了气温通常的南高北低态势，使得鲁西南的月平均气温分布呈现出了东高西低型和过渡调整型；湖区是最高气温分布的低值区，最低气温分布的高值区，年气温日较差平均值偏小；相对于鲁西南同经度和同纬度区域，湖区的月气温日较差平均值和月气温日较差最大值均偏小，秋季差异最明显，夏季差异最小，气温日变化曲线较平稳，白天气温较高时段偏低，夜间气温较低时段偏高，日最高气温出现时间约迟1 h，在同一天气条件下，湖区气温日变幅总是偏小，不同天气条件下，日最高气温的差值和日最低气温的差值表现为晴天最大、阴天次之、雨天最小。

Impact of the Nansi Lake on temperature distribution in the southwest of Shandong Province

Based on the 35 a collated data of 25 meteorological stations from 1981 to 2015 and the hourly data of 5 regional meteorological stations from 2015 to 2019 in the southwest of Shandong Province, the characteristics of temperature distribution in the southwest of Shandong Province and the contribution of the Nansi Lake to the distribution are systematically analyzed. The results are as follows. 1) The annual mean temperature in the southeast of the district shows a southeast-northwest oriented warm tongue, according with the direction of the Nansi Lake. The Nansi Lake has changed the common temperature pattern of high in the south and low in the north and makes the monthly mean temperature in the southwest of Shandong Province appear as patterns of high in the east and low in the west and transitional adjustment. 2) The Nansihu district is the low value area of the highest temperature and the high value area of the lowest temperature, and the annual mean daily range of temperature is relatively small. 3) Compared with the temperature of the same longitude and the same latitude areas in the southwest of Shandong Province, the monthly mean daily range of temperature and the monthly maximum daily range of temperature in the district are relatively small, the difference in autumn is the most obvious, and the difference in summer is the smallest. The daily range of temperature is relatively stable. The temperature of the district is lower during the high temperature period of the daytime and higher during the low temperature period of the nighttime, and the daily maximum temperature appears about one hour late. Under the same weather conditions, the daily range of temperature in the district is always small, while under different weather conditions, the difference of daily maximum temperature and the difference of daily minimum temperature between the district and the same latitude area are the largest in sunny days, followed by those in cloudy days, and those in rainy days are the smallest.