2020 年 6 月 1 日山东强雹暴过程双偏振雷达观测分析

利用济南S波段双偏振多普勒雷达探测数据，结合探空、地面气象站观测和实地冰雹调查资料，对2020年6月1日影响山东中西部的一次强雹暴过程进行分析。结果表明：1）此次雹暴过程受高空槽影响，于当日中午在河北邢台市初生，移入山东境内后持续降雹近5 h，其中17:00后雹暴明显加强，冰雹灾害严重。2）典型降雹时次具有明显的三体散射特征；1.5～5.5 km高度冰雹区对应的反射率因子（ZH）均大于65 dBZ，差分反射率因子（ZDR）介于-2.6～1.5 dB，相关系数介于0.80～0.96；大冰雹多集中在低层前侧入流的左侧和前侧。3）多个单体于17:00前后演变成超级单体风暴，具有明显的有界弱回波区和中气旋结构，ZDR柱可指示雹暴主上升气流区的位置。4）水凝物相态分类产品给出的冰雹分布反映了空中冰雹的分布和演变，可从冰雹色标面积大小、连续性程度预估冰雹强弱，根据低仰角的冰雹色标预判冰雹落区。

Dual-polarization radar observational analysis of a severe hailstorm in Shandong province on 1 June 2020

Using the data of S-band dual-polarization Doppler weather radar in Jinan, sounding and surface meteorological stations data, as well as hail informations obtained from field surveys, a severe hailstorm affecting the middle and western Shandong province on 1 June 2020 is analyzed. The results are shown as follow. 1) The hailstorm is born in Xingtai city, Hebei province at noon on June 1st, affected by upper trough, and it continues to hail for nearly 5 hours after moving into Shandong province. The hailstorm is significantly strengthened after 17:00 BST, and the hail disaster is severe. 2) The hailstorm has an obvious characteristic of three-body scatter spike (TBSS) at typical time of hail-falling, including that the horizontal reflectivity factor (ZH) of the hail area at altitude from 1.5 to 5.5 km is greater than 65 dBZ, the differential reflectivity factor (ZDR) is mostly between -2.6~1.5 dB, correlation coefficient is mostly between 0. 80~0. 96. The large hail mostly concentrates on the left and front of the inflow from the front side of the lower layer. 3) Multi-cell storms become supercell storm around 17:00 BST, which has obvious bounded weak echo region and mesocyclone structure, and the ZDR column can indicate the location of the main updraft zone of the hailstorm. 4) The hydrometeor phase classification products have a good indication effect on the distribution and evolution of hail in the hailstorm. The intensity of hail can be estimated from the size, continuity and compactness of the hail color marker area, and the hail falling area can be prejudged according to the hail color marker at the low elevation angles.