雨养玉米农田水热交换的环境控制机理研究

基于连续3年的涡相关观测数据分析了雨养玉米农田水热交换的环境控制机理。结果表明:热量(辐射与温度)与水分(土壤含水量与大气水汽压亏缺)因子是控制农田水热交换的关键因子,但随着研究时间尺度变化,其作用强度显著不同。当研究时间尺度由小时—日—月—季—年逐渐增大时,热量因子对玉米农田水热交换的影响逐渐减弱,而水分因子的影响却逐渐增强。因而,模拟玉米农田水热交换,以小时时间分辨率模拟时,能量输入应以辐射为主;以月为时间分辨率时,能量输入应以温度为主,可以提高模拟精度。另外,不同水文年型控制雨养农田水热交换的主要因子也有显著差异。湿润年,土壤水分充足,决定蒸发强度的可用能量是限制水分交换的关键因子;偏干年,农田水热交换受制于水分与能量的双重制约。因此,在估算半干旱地区水热交换时,同时还应关注不同水文年型的迥异环境控制机理,以提高不同时间尺度模型模拟精度。

Environmental Controls on Water and Heat Exchanges over Rainfed Maize Cropland in Northeast China

Base on three-year eddy covariance system measurements, environmental controls on rainfed maize cropland have been analyzed. The results show that energy factors (radiation and temperature) and water conditions (rain, soil moisture, and vapor pressure deficit) are crucial to water and heat exchanges in different ways. The effects of energy factors on water and heat exchanges are gradually weakening with increasing time scales. While, change in the impacts of water conditions on water and heat exchanges in inverse way. In different hydrological years, there are significant distinctions in environmental controls on water and heat exchanges. In humid year, available energy is primary controls on water and heat exchanges without water stress; and in arid year, available energy and soil moisture all strongly affect on water and heat exchanges.