非对流云的观测事实及其对大气环流模式设计的意义

通过非对流云的气候资料分析和个例分析表明：(1)非对流云有季节变化，也随海陆分布的不同而变化，还与大气三圈环流及季风等密切相关。由于它们的相关性，在大气环流模式(GCM)中对非对流云的模拟必须与提高模式其他部分的模拟能力相辅相成。(2)产生于中高纬度大范围上升气流的非对流云，由赤道辐合带积云对流所致的高空赤道地区的卷云与卷层云和形成于副热带冷海水上空的层云与层积云是新一代大气环模式显式预报的3类主要非对流云。这3类非对流云均是大尺度的，GCM的网格能显示分辨，但在垂直方向如何提高GCM的分辨率问题仍是一个有待研究的问题。(3)在GCM中如何模拟冷海水上空的层云和赤道ITCZ所对应的大范围卷云和卷层云是十分困难和必要的。(4)通过对东亚及西太平洋区域非对流云系的个例分析，可以认为在新一代大气环流模式中，应显式预报行星大槽及赤道辐合带所对应的非对流云系。在模拟这些非对流云系时，应考虑它们的生消过程、平流过程与辐射过程。由于一段时间内大气环流模式尚难以分辨锋面与α中尺度的气旋，因此有必要在GCM中参数化这些系统，或采用更小的网格距。至于对非对流云所对应的降水参数化问题的研究，需要进一步的观测为基础。

Observational Fact of Non-Convective Clouds andIts Significance on the Design of Atmospheric General Circulation Model

With climatological data analysis and case study about those clouds, the following results have been demonstrated. (a) Those clouds have seasonal variation, and they depend on land-sea distri- bution, atmospheric general circulation and monsoon. These processes are interaction. (b) The three kinds of those clouds, originated from the condensation by upward air motion on large scale, from the semipermant subtropical anticyclones off the west coasts and anvils by deep cumulus convection in ITCZ, should be represented explicitly in AGCM. However, those clouds are not simulated well. Thus, further research about them is important and necessary. (c) In designing them in AGCM, the formation, dissipation, advection and radiation about those clouds should be considered. (d) The clouds from mesoscale should be parameterized in AGCM or the smaller grid length should be introduced in AGCM in future. (e) Precipitation processes should be parameterized in detail because of their faster movement than the other processes.