青藏高原感热气泵影响亚洲夏季风的机制

本文回顾了二十年来关于青藏高原感热驱动气泵(TP-SHAP)及其影响亚洲夏季风的研究进展，并从能量(θ)、位涡—加热(PV–Q)、和角动量守恒(AMC)的不同角度阐述其影响机制。指出高原斜坡上的表面感热加热改变了移向高原的大气质块的能量从而出现垂直抽吸的重要性。强调了高原加热产生的位涡强迫在近地层制造了强度大范围广的、环绕高原的气旋式环流，把丰沛的水汽从海洋输运到大陆，为季风对流降水提供充足的水汽条件。证明高原加热还通过改变其上空的温、压场的结构从而制造出高原上空近对流层顶的绝对涡度和位涡的最小值，在角动量平衡约束下，在亚洲季风区激发出与Hadley环流反向的季风经圈环流，从而为季风发生发展提供了大范围上升运动的背景。文中还对近年来有关青藏高原影响亚洲夏季风机制的讨论进行概述，并展望了未来的研究方向。

Review of the Impact of the Tibetan Plateau Sensible Heat Driven Air-Pump on the Asian Summer Monsoon

The study during the past twenty years on the Tibetan Plateau driven air-pump (TP-SHAP) and its impacts on the Asian summer monsoon is reviewed. The impact mechanisms are summarized from the perspective of energy (θ), potential vorticity-diabatic heating (PV-Q), and angular momentum conservation (AMC) constraint. It is demonstrated that the surface sensible heating on the plateau's slopes plays a significant role in changing the energy of the air parcel moving towards the plateau and generating its vertical pumping. The PV forcing induced by the TP-SHAP generates a strong and vast cyclonic circulation surrounding the plateau in the lower troposphere, which transports abundant water vapor from the sea to the land to feed the continental monsoon rainfall. Through changing the thermal and circulation structure over the TP, the plateau surface sensible heating also produces minimum absolute vorticity and potential vorticity in the upper troposphere in the subtropics, and induces a monsoonal type meridional circulation under the constraint of angular momentum conservation. It provides a favorable large-scale ascending background for the monsoon development over the vast Asian summer monsoon area. A brief comment on the recent discussion of the TP impact on Asian monsoon formation is provided as well, and an outlook on future study is given at the end.