近10年我国用水与水资源利用情况时空特征研究

水资源是社会经济发展的重要物质基础,地下水是水资源的重要组成部分,水资源合理开发利用是社会经济可持续发展的重要因素之一.基于《中国统计年鉴》及《中国水资源公报》中2003—2012年用水及供水相关数据,利用EOF展开方法,分析了我国31个省级行政分区用水和水资源利用情况的空间分布及时间演变特征.研究结果表明:全国总用水量不断增加,但增幅有所减小,各地区用水总量变化趋势多样,中东部变化较大,西部变化较小,河北省、浙江省、海南省、青海省和甘肃省与其他地区反相变化;江苏省、浙江省和广东省地下水资源的利用与工业产业协调发展,可作为其他地区的典范;北京市、天津市、河北省、山西省、陕西省、甘肃省和青海省通过调整产业结构,地下水资源利用状况向良好的趋势发展;新疆维吾尔自治区和内蒙古自治区的地下水资源利用现状和趋势不容乐观,应注意增强环保意识,调整产业结构,以求水资源得到协调、可持续的开发和利用.

Temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of water consumption and water resource utilization in China during 2003-2012

As an important material basis for social and economic development, water resource in rational development and utilization is critical for social and economic sustainable development.Based on water consumption and supply data from Chinese Statistical Yearbook and Chinese Water Resources Bulletin from 2003 to 2012, the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of water consumption and water resource utilization in China were analyzed by means of empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis.The results show that in the last ten years the gross water usage have been increasing, but with reduced increase trend.The change of the gross water usage is diversified in different regions, which is greatest in area of middle east, and least in the western region.Hebei, Zhejiang, Hainan, Qinghai, and Gansu had an opposite trend in change of gross water usage compared with the rest of the provinces.Underground water is an important part of water resources.Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Guangdong provinces utilize their underground water in a coordinated mode with industrial development, which can be models for other areas.Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Gansu, and Qinghai provinces optimize their usage of the underground water by restructuring their industrial development.However, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region and Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region are not optimistic in underground water utilization status and trends.More attention should be paid to strengthen the water resource protection and optimize the industrial structure, in order to develop and use water resources coordinately and sustainably in these areas.