新一代天气雷达超级单体风暴中气旋特征分析

超级单体风暴常伴随着冰雹、雷雨大风等强对流天气，最本质的特征是有一持久深厚的几千米尺度的涡旋——中气旋。利用2003--2009年福建龙岩新一代天气雷达观测到的32次超级单体风暴，分析了超级单体风暴中气旋的时空分布、结构特征以及旋转速度大小、中气旋顶和底的高度、伸长厚度以及切变值等特征量。结果表明：90％以上的超级单体中尺度气旋是与冰雹、雷雨大风、短时强降水等强对流天气相联系的。统计8次有详细灾情的雷雨大风或冰雹天气过程发现，中气旋强度不断加强，中气旋厚度加大，最强切变中心突降时将产生大风或冰雹等强对流天气。

Mesocyclone Features of Supercell Storms from CINRAD/SA

The supercell storm often accompanies with the hails, thunderstorms and other severe convective weather, and its most essential feature is a mesocyclone, which is a lasting and deep vortex on several kilometers scale. Based on the 32 supercell storm data observed by Longyan CINRAD/SA radar from 2003 to 2009, the mesocyclone products are statistically analyzed. Results show that more than 90% of the supercell storm＇s mesocyclone is well related with severe convective weather such as hail, thunderstorm, short-time strong rainfall and so on. The paper analyses the spatial and temporal distributions, structure features, rotational velocity, heights of base and top, thickness of elongation and shear value of the supercell storm＇s mesocyclone. Based on the eight weather processes with hails or thunderstorms, it shows that the hail, thunderstorms and other severe convective weather will occur when the mesocyclone constantly strengthens, the thickness of mesocyclone increases and the center of strongest shear suddenly drops.