基于风能资源专业观测网的风能资源评估

利用中国风能资源专业观测网2009年5—10月各高度层（10、30、50、70 m）的10 min观测数据分析了全国近地层风速及风功率密度的时空、方位及梯度分布特征。结果表明：①全国各地区平均风功率密度基本为1652 W/m2，西北地区以及东南沿海地区风能资源更为丰富；② 5月和10月两个月风能资源的可开发量较大，其中北方地区一般5月较大，而南方地区10月较大；③全国各地大体上呈现西北内陆、东北、华北地区刮偏西北风，东部沿海地区刮偏东南风，云贵地区盛行西南风的趋势；④从不同梯度情况来看，越往高层风能资源的可开发量越大；⑤从全国风能资源的日变化情况来看，一般从08：00—20：00风能资源比较丰富，其中15：00平均风功率密度和平均风速达到极大值，但不同地区不同时段风能资源分布还存在一定差异。

Wind Energy Evaluation Based on Wind Power Resources Professional Observation Network in China

The characteristics of space time variation, direction distribution, and gradient change of wind velocity and wind power density near the surface are analyzed, using the 10 minute wind observation data of different altitudes （10, 30, 50, 70 m） from May to October in 2009 from the China Wind Energy Resources Professional Observation Network. The results show that： （1） the average wind power density in China is 1652 W/m2, and wind resources in Northwest China and Southeast coastal areas are more plentiful; （2） exploitable wind resources in May and October are more abundant relatively, with the maximum in May over the northern China, while in October over the southern China; （3） wind direction distribution presents a regular trend： northwestly wind prevails in Northwest, Northeast and North China, while southeastly wind reigns in the eastern coaster areas, and southwestly wind predominates in Yunnan and Guizhou; （4） in terms of wind gradient distribution, the developable wind resources of higher altitudes are more abundant; （5） in terms of daily wind variation, wind resources are more plentiful from 08：00 to 20：00, with average wind velocity and wind power density maximizing at 15：00 every day, and however, wind resources distribution differs in different areas and at different times. This study can provide some technical references in building wind farms and making use of near surface wind resources in China.