湖南省油菜生育期间气候资源时空变化规律分析

利用湖南省1962—2010年96个气象站逐日气象资料及5个农业气象试验站1991—2010年油菜生育期观测资料,应用气候统计分析方法,分析了油菜主要生育期气候资源空间分布规律和年际变化特征。结果表明:湖南省油菜全生育期时长无明显地域性差异,生育期间大于等于0℃积温有明显的地域性差异。影响油菜生育期间的主要气象因子为气温和日照时数,不同生育期主要气象因子有所差异。各发育期气候资源空间分布不均,年际变化有差异。冬前苗期和角果发育期的积温呈增加趋势,越冬期的小于等于0℃和小于等于-3℃日数呈减少趋势,蕾薹期日照时数呈减少趋势,开花期和角果发育期日照时数呈增加趋势。总体而言,湖南油菜生育期间的气候资源及其变化趋势有利于油菜生长。

Spatial Temporal Variation of Climate Resources during Rape Growing in Hunan

By means of the statistical method, using the data of air temperature, sunshine duration, and precipitation from 1962 to 2010 of 96 weather stations and the data of rape growth from 1991 to 2010 of 5 agrometeorological stations in Hunan Province, the spatial distributions and inter-annual variations of agrometeorological elements closely correlated to different growth stages of rape are analyzed. Results show that the whole growth period of rape has no significant differences between regions, but the accumulated temperature of ≥0 ℃ during the rape growth period has obvious regional difference. The main influencing meteorological factors during the rape growth period are air temperature and sunshine duration, which vary at different growth stages. The climate resources are unevenly distributed spatially, and the inter-annual variation of climate resources differs at different growth stages. The accumulated temperatures before wintering and pod development periods trend to increase; the numbers of days of T ≤0℃ or T ≤- 3℃ in the wintering period trend to decrease; the sunshine duration during the stem elongation period trends to decrease; the sunshine duration during the flowering and pod development periods show a trend of increase. Overall, the climatic resources and variation trends during the rapes growth period are advantageous to rape planting.