2015—2020年全国地面气象观测装备运行能力评估

基于综合气象观测系统运行监控平台中运行的2418套国家级地面气象观测装备台站2015—2020年的9172次自动站故障维修记录，通过统计各省自动站平均故障指数、平均故障修复时间对保障情况进行了综合评估。对故障部位和故障原因进行了统计和分析，结果表明：①每年6月、7月和8月故障数较多，故障主要集中在采集器、通信传输设备、供电设备3个部位；故障原因中，自然损坏占比最大。②采集器的故障中，自然损坏、雷击、供电和电源所造成的故障率较高。③南方多发生由于供电和电源以及通信原因造成的故障，北方则多通信和自然损坏原因造成的故障。针对故障多发部位和故障原因提出了相应维护建议。

Assessment of Operation Capability of National Surface Meteorological Observation Equipment from 2015 to 2020

Based on the analysis of the Atmospheric Observing System Operations and Monitoring, 2418 sets of national automatic weather stations produced 9172 automatic station fault maintenance records from 2015 and 2020. This paper analyzes and evaluates the fault maintenance of automatic stations and statistically researches the average fault index (MFI) of automatic stations, average fault free working time (MTBF) and average fault repair time (MTTR). The results show that: (1) There are more faults in June, July and August, which are mainly concentrated in the collector, communication transmission equipment and power supply equipment. Natural damage accounts for the largest proportion of failure causes. (2) As for the faults of the collector, the failure rates caused by natural damage, lightning strikes, and power supply are higher. (3) In the south, faults caused by power supply and communication are more common, while in the north, faults caused by communication and natural damage are more common. The corresponding maintenance suggestions are put forward according to the fault locations and fault causes.