探测大气温湿廓线的35通道微波辐射计设计原理与特点

总结了自主研制的MWP967KV型地基35通道微波辐射计系统设计原理和主要特点。系统将K、V双频段宽带天线及接收机、宽带调谐本振、温湿压计以及电源模块紧凑集成为一台整机设备。对各传感器的测量输出实时进行一体化综合处理,采用BP神经网络实时反演大气温度、湿度廓线和汽、水总量。廓线的垂直覆盖范围为地表至顶空10km,共划分为58层。辐射计样机于2012年秋冬季节在北京地区开展了为期2个月的观测试验,利用这段时期内的69个探空资料样本对辐射计2个层次的实时观测输出都进行了对比检验,计算了水汽、氧气通道亮温和反演所得大气温湿廓线的平均偏差、均方差以及相关性。结果表明该系统能够满足实时气象监测的需求,达到国际先进水平。

A 35-channel Microwave Radiometer for Profiling Atmospheric Temperature and Humidity

The design principles and main characteristics of the MWP967KV ground-based 35-channel microwave profiling radiometer are presented.The prototype radiometer is a compact integration of dualband（K-band and V-band）broadband radiometry antennas,two receivers,a synthesizer local oscillator,a surface meteorological sensor,and a power supply in a cabinet.It has the capability of detecting downwelling atmospheric thermal emission continuously on a minute time scale.Several levels of observed data are composed and regulated.By using BP artificial neural network retrieval algorithms,the radiometer is capable of retrieving the vertical distributions（profiles）of atmospheric temperature,water vapor,relative humidity,and other variables in real time.The retrieved profiles range from the surface up to 10km.The radiometer was used in atmospheric observation in Beijing in autumn to winter of 2012for about two months.The data of 69radiosonde cases are gathered to evaluate the radiometer＇s performance. The accuracies of dual-band atmospheric bright temperature values are analyzed. The retrieved temperature and humidity profiles are analyzed as well,and the mean difference,root-mean-square difference,and correlation are calculated.The statistical results indicate that the radiometer has the ability to support real time weather surveillance.