福建省甘薯气候-土壤生产力与粮食安全对策

采用经改进的农业生态区域法,计算福建省29个代表站甘薯光温、气候及气候-土壤生产力。结果表明:人为调节农田水分到最适状态时,可使气候生产力增加1/3以上,水分改善对甘薯的增产率大于其它粮食作物,增产值比水稻大3~4倍;人为调节肥料到最优状态时,可使气候-土壤生产力增加30%,目前福建甘薯潜力利用率仅为55%。根据各级生产力的变化特点,提出福建省粮食安全的对策建议:①稳定水稻种植面积,增加甘薯种植比例;②建设旱涝保收田;③提高土壤肥力,促进甘薯高产;④严格限制非农业用地,控制人口增长。

Climate-Soil Productivity of Sweet Potatoes and Measures for Food Security in Fujian Province

In terms of the improved Kassam-Wageningen method,calculation is made of the effects of light,temperature,climate and soil on sweet potato productivity at 29 stations over Fujian Province.The results show that under the optimal water and fertilizer condition,the climate productivity and climate-soil productivity will increase by one third or more.According to the characteristics of food production in Fujian Province,some useful countermeasures for food security are put forward: increase the planting area of sweet potatoes;build the yield-stable croplands despite drought or excessive rain;improve soil fertility;limit the non-agricultural lands and the growth of population.