气候变化对水工程的影响及应对措施

气候变化将使水利工程的服役环境发生较大改变，水工混凝土作为水利工程建设最主要的建筑材料之一，其对极端气候变化较为敏感与脆弱。本文以水库大坝、大型调水工程等水利工程为对象，系统总结了部分已观测到的低温冻害、寒潮和干旱等气候条件对水利工程影响的事实。结合未来气候变化趋势及其可能的影响，从改善水工材料性能的工程措施角度，分析了在水利工程设计、施工、运行阶段可采取的应对措施，并从规划修订、预案制订、监测预报等非工程措施角度，分析了在防洪安全、水资源安全等领域可采取的减缓适应对策，以提高水工程应对气候变化的能力。

Impacts of and Adaptation to Climate Change for Water Conservancy Projects

Climate change will change the service environment of water conservancy projects. As one of the main construction materials for water conservancy projects, hydraulic concrete is more sensitive and fragile to extreme climate condition. The observed influences of low temperature, cold wave and drought on China’s hydraulic concrete structures were summarized. Considering future climate change and its potential impacts on construction materials of water conservancy projects, the adaptation measures for improving properties of hydraulic concrete and guaranteeing safety of water conservancy projects during the different stage of design, construction and operation of water conservancy engineering were addressed. From the point of view of plan revision and formulation, monitoring and forecasting, the response measures to deal with climate change in the field of flood control safety and water resources security were also analyzed in this paper.