中国冬季气温变化的空间模态及其与大尺度环流异常的联系

 分析了近55 a来中国冬季气温变化特征及其与大尺度环流异常的关系，结果显示：1) 中国冬季气温变化有两个主要空间模态，第一模态表现为20世纪80年代中期以后全国一致变暖；第二模态表现为80年代以后东北、西北地区冬季气温升高，而西南、华南地区气温降低。2) 西伯利亚高压变化与中国冬季气温变化的第一模态关系密切，当西伯利亚高压偏强时，我国大部分地区气温偏低，反之亦然。3) 北极涛动（AO）与冬季气温变化的第二模态关系密切，它与中国冬季气温相关最显著的区域主要在东北和西北地区，当AO为正位相时，上述区域气温往往偏高。

Variation of Spatial Mode for Winter Temperature in China and Its Relationship with the Large Scale Atmospheric Circulation

Based on the monthly temperature at 160 stations of China and the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data from 1951 to 2005,the variation of spatial mode for winter temperature in China and its relationship with the atmospheric circulation were studied. Results show that: 1) The winter temperature changes in China have two great modes. The first mode has an identical signal in whole China and the temperature has increased since the middle 1980s. The second mode has a seesaw pattern between northern and southern China,and shows a warming in Northeast China and Northwest China,and cooling in Southwest China and South China after the middle 1980s. 2) The Siberian High is significantly correlated to the first mode of temperature. There are strong tendencies for cold conditions over most of China associated with the strengthened Siberian High,and contrariwise. 3) Arctic Oscillation (AO) is closely associated with the second mode. There are notable tendencies for warm conditions over Northeast China,and Northwest China associated with the positive AO phase.