| Abstract: | Using flume experiments, this paper studies the variations of water surface gradient and velocity distribution caused by water jets. Due to the existence of water jets, water surface gradient and velocity distribution along water depth varies significantly compared with those in uniform flow. At the upstream of the jets, water surface gradient is less than those without jets. At the vicinity and the downstream of the jets, water surface gradients is larger than those without jets. The average water surface gradient of the whole reach concerned with jets is greater than those without jets. Velocity distribution along water depth varies thoroughly at the vicinity and the downstream of the jets. With water jets, velocity near water surface is smaller than those at the bottom. The mean velocity along water depth measured with the existence of water jet is usually less than those without water jet. These characteristics are relevant to water discharges of the flume and the jets. Generally, those variations are more remarkable with the increases of discharges of the flume and the jets. |
