Liquefaction characteristics of gap-graded gravelly soils in K0 condition |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Civil Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Road, Tainan City 70101, Taiwan;2. Department of Civil Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan;3. Department of Civil Engineering, National Chi Nan University, Taiwan;1. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA;2. Department of Civil and Natural Resources Engineering, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand;1. Université de Lyon, École nationale d''ingénieurs de Saint-Étienne (ENI Saint-Étienne), Laboratoire de tribologie et dynamique des systèmes, CNRS UMR 5513, 58, rue Jean-Parot, 42023 Saint-Étienne cedex, France;2. Électricité de France, Centre d''ingéniérie hydraulique, 73073 Le Bourget-du-Lac cedex, France;3. Laboratoire de mécanique des sols, structures et matériaux, CNRS UMR 8579, École centrale Paris, Grande voie des Vignes, 92295 Châtenay-Malabry, France;4. Laboratoire “Ondes et milieux complexes”, CNRS UMR 6294, Université du Havre, rue Philippe-Lebon, 76600 Le Havre, France;1. Department of Infrastructure Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia;2. James Watt School of Engineering, The University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom |
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| Abstract: | A series of undrained cyclic direct simple shear tests, which used a soil container with a membrane reinforced with stack rings to maintain the K0 condition and integrated bender elements for shear wave velocity measurement, were performed to study the liquefaction characteristics of gap-graded gravelly soils with no fines content. The intergrain state concept was employed to categorize gap-graded sand–gravel mixtures as sand-like, gravel-like, and in-transition soils, which show different liquefaction characteristics. The testing results reveal that a linear relationship exists between the shear wave velocity and the minor fraction content for sand–gravel mixtures at a given skeleton void ratio of the major fraction particles. For gap-graded gravelly sand, the gravel content has a small effect on the liquefaction resistance, and the cyclic resistance ratio (CRR) of gap-graded gravelly sands can be evaluated using current techniques for sands with gravel content corrections. In addition, the results indicate that the current shear wave velocity (Vs) based correlation underestimates the liquefaction resistance for Vs values less than 160 m/s, and different correlations should be proposed for sand-like and gravel-like gravelly soils. Preliminary modifications to the correlations used in current evaluations of liquefaction resistance have thus been proposed. |
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| Keywords: | Soil liquefaction Gravelly soils Cyclic simple shear tests Shear wave velocity |
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