汶川地震灾后重建的岩土工程问题探讨

在对5·12汶川地震灾区大量次生地质灾害实地考察调查的基础上，总结了次生地质灾害发育分布的特点，探讨了灾后重建的岩土工程问题。此次地震引发的次生地质灾害主要有崩塌、滑坡、泥石流、堰塞湖等；次生地质灾害的发育分布与地震烈度相一致，与断裂带密切相关，并形成崩塌、滑坡→泥石流或崩塌、滑坡→堰塞湖→泥石流灾害链。灾后重建必须注重建设场地工程地质条件的研究、科学规划选址，合理避让地质灾害高风险地段；对重点高陡边坡灾害须进行必要的岩土工程加固，山区建筑地基基础设计应符合相关要求，要尽量减少对地质环境的扰动，预防工程诱发灾害。研究结果可为灾区岩土工程减灾防灾以及灾后重建提供参考。

Discussions for Post-Wenchuan Earthquake Reconstruction-Related Geotechnical Problems

Based on the field investigation on secondary geological hazards induced by 5.12 Wenchuan Earthquake, the types of geological disasters during or after earthquake are analyzed in the paper. The main secondary geological hazards are rock fall and collapse, landslide, debris flow, dammed lake ,and so on. The development and distribution rules of secondary geo-hazards,with a long-term sustainability and a formation of hazard chains, are of relation with earthquake fault zone, and consistent with seismic intensity. It is necessary for the reconstruction to reveal distinctly the engineering geological condition of sites, and to eliminate or mitigate the geo-hazards by scientific planning. Certain geotechnical engineering mea- sures should be taken so as to eliminate or mitigate landslides and collapses. The foundation design in mountainous areas should meet the requirements of related standards and codes strictly, and limit the disturbance of geotechnical engineering activities to geological environment. The results are useful in recon-struction of Wenchuan earthquake area.