断层活动方式与地震地表变形分布特征研究

基于断层弹性位错理论及断层滑动非均匀模型，用三维有限元方法计算了发震断层逆断、正断和水平走滑三种不同活动方式下的地表变形，探讨了断层不同活动方式下的地震应变与位移的分布规律及震级、断层倾角对地震地表变形分布的影响。研究结果表明，地震地表变形影响因素很多，如地质构造条件、岩性介质特征、断层活动强度、断层产状和区域构造应力场等，但分布形态最终决定于断层活动方式，变形大小则决定于断层活动强度，其它均为局地因素，只影响分布形态的局部扭曲。断层不同活动方式下的地震地表变形分布各有其自身的规律和特点，这些分布特征可作为地震研究及近活动断层建筑工程抗震设计或加固防护参考。

Study on Regularity of Ground Deformation of Earthquake and Active Pattern of Fault

Based on the elastic dislocation theory of fault and the inhomogeneous model of fault slip, the ground deformation of earthquake caused by three different active patterns of fault--normal fault, thrust fault and strike-slip fault--was calculated with the 3-D finite element method to analyze their regularity as well as their influence due to the magnitude of earthquake and the angle of fault dip. The research results indicate that there are many factors affecting the ground deformation of earthquake, such as the conditions of geological structures, the features of rock strata, the active intensity of faults, the angle of fault dips, and the stress field of regional geology ; however, the regularity of ground deformation is finally determined by the active pattern of fault while the scale of ground deformation by the active intensity of fault, and the rest of the factors are local and only affect the local torsion of the ground deformation. The regu- larity of ground deformation of earthquake due to different active patterns of faults can be a bench mark for the seismic study as well as the earthquake designing and preventative strengthening of buildings near active faults.