无人机遥感技术在新疆皮山地震灾情获取中的应用

2015年07月03日,新疆维吾尔自治区和田地区皮山县（37.6°N,78.2°E）发生M_S6.5级地震,震源深度10km。本文利用高性能无人机数据采集平台获取灾区高分辨率影像数据,结合地震现场震害调查建立建筑物震害遥感解译特征,采用人工目视解译完成了灾区6个0.01°×0.01°格网评估区房屋类型及损毁程度应急遥感调查,获取测区地震灾情信息。结果表明:测区内房屋结构类型主要包括土木、砖木、砖混结构;倒塌房屋主要为土木结构及个别老旧砖木结构房屋,倒塌和局部倒塌的土木结构房屋占评估区土木结构房屋总数的68%,倒塌和局部倒塌的砖木结构房屋占评估区砖木结构房屋总数的12%;测区砖混结构房屋局部倒塌1间,未倒塌228间,砖混结构显示出良好的抗震性能,对避免人员伤亡和减少经济损失起到重要作用。

Application of Remote Sensing Technology of UAV in the Acquisition of Earthquake Disaster in Pishan, Xinjiang

On July 3, 2015, an earthquake (M_S6.5) occurred near Pishan county (37.6°N, 78.2°E), Hotan Prefecture, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China. The focal depth is 10km. In this paper, we use high performance UAV data acquisition platform to obtain the high resolution image data in disaster areas, and establish the remote sensing characteristic features of earthquake disaster based on the field investigation of earthquake damage, and then we use the method of artificial visual interpretation to investigate the building type and the building damage extent in six 0.01°×0.01° degree grid assessment districts to access the earthquake disaster information. The results revealed that the building structure types in the survey area mainly include civil structure, brick-wood structure and brick-concrete structure. The collapse building types mainly include civil structure buildings and individual old brick-wood structure buildings. The collapse and partial collapse of the civil structure building accounted for 68% of the total number of civil structures, and the collapse and partial collapse of the brick-wood structures building accounted for 12% of the total number of brick-wood structures in the assessment area. There is only one brick-concrete structure building collapsed and 228 did not collapse. Brick-concrete structure buildings show good anti-seismic performance and play the important role in avoiding casualties and reducing economic loss by the earthquake.