Near-surface flow structure over wind-generated water waves,part II: characteristics of separated and non-separated flows |
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| Authors: | Nasiruddin Shaikh Kamran Siddiqui |
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| Institution: | (1) Present address: Department of Mechanical Engineering, N.E.D. University of Engineering and Technology, Karachi, Pakistan;(2) Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, H3G 1M8, Canada;(3) Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5B9, Canada; |
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| Abstract: | We report on an experimental study conducted to investigate the influence of small-scale wind waves on the airflow structure
in the immediate vicinity of the air–water interface. PIV technique was used to measure the two-dimensional velocity fields
at wind speeds of 3.7 and 4.4 m s−1 and at a fetch of 2.1 m. The flow structure was analyzed as a function of wave phase. In the near-surface region, significant
variations were observed in the flow structure over the waveform. The phase-averaged profiles of velocity, vorticity, and
Reynolds stress showed different behavior on the windward and leeward sides of the wave in the near-surface region. The influence
of wave-induced velocity was restricted within a distance of three significant wave heights from the surface, which also showed
opposite trends on the windward and leeward sides of the crest. The results also show that the turbulent Reynolds stress mainly
supports downward momentum transfer whereas the wave-induced Reynolds stress is responsible for the upward momentum transfer
from wave to wind. In the immediate vicinity of the air–water interface, the momentum is transferred from waves to wind along
the windward side, whereas, the momentum transfer is from wind to waves along the leeward side. |
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