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Midnight reversal of ionospheric plasma bubble eastward velocity to westward velocity during geomagnetically quiettime: Climatology and its model validation
Authors:José HA Sobral  Vivian M de Castilho  MA Abdu  Hisao Takahashi  I Paulino  Ulisses AC Gasparelo  Daniela CS Arruda  Matheus Mascarenhas  CJ Zamlutti  CM Denardini  Daiki Koga  AF de Medeiros  RA Buriti
Institution:1. Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais—INPE, Caixa Postal 515 12245-970, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil;2. Universidade Federal de Campina Grande—UFCG, Departamento de Física Av. Aprígio Veloso 882, Bodocongó, CEP: 58109-970 Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brazil;1. Environment and Chemical Engineering College, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China;2. Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, 200030, China;3. Tianjin Richsoft Electric Power Information Technology Co., Ltd, State Grid, Tianjin, 300384, China;1. National Institute for Space Research, INPE, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil;2. Radar Space Sciences Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University, 323 Electrical Engineering East, PA, USA;1. Ebro Observatory (OE), University Ramon Llull - CSIC, Roquetes, Spain;2. Atmospheric Sounding Station El Arenosillo, INTA, Huelva, Spain;1. Center for Geospace Studies, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, USA;2. Department of Physics, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada;1. Institute of Solar-Terrestrial Physics SB RAS, Irkutsk, Russia;2. Trofimuk Institute of Petroleum Geology and Geophysics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia;3. Institute of Cosmophysical Research and Aeronomy SB RAS, Yakutsk, Russia;4. Institute of Cosmophysical Research and Radio Wave Propagation FEB RAS, Paratunka, Russia;5. Institute of Geophysics UB RAS, Ekaterinburg, Russia;6. Pushkov Institute of Terrestrial Magnetizm Ionosphere and Radio Wave Propagation RAS, Moscow, Russia;7. Institute of Atmospheric Physics CAS, Prague, Czech Republic;8. Leibniz Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Kühlungsborn, Germany
Abstract:In an effort to better understand the dynamics of westward velocities of the nocturnal F-region plasma, the climatology of the westward traveling plasma bubbles – WTB – occurring during quiettime is studied here. The climatology of the WTB is analyzed here based on airglow images obtained during 14 quiet days between 2001 and 2006 at the Brazilian station São João do Cariri (Geographic 7.45°S, 36.5°W, dip ~20°S). The frequency of occurrence of the WTB maximizes in the descending phase of the solar cycle. The WTB velocities ranged between ~20 and 40 ms?1. The frequency of occurrence had a peak value of only 3.65% at 2345 LT. The maximum occurrence of the WTB was in July–September. No WTB have been observed from November until April in all years 2001–2006. We show for the first time theoretically that the WTB dominant forcing mechanisms during geomagnetically quiet days are westward thermospheric winds.
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