现代海底热液活动的调查研究方法

介绍了国外在现代海底热液活动调查研究中使用的方法和技术手段。现代海底热液活动是普遍发育于大洋中活动板块边界及板内火山活动中心的一种在岩圈和大洋之间进行能量和物质交换的过程。其突出的表象是高温的热液从海底流出，并由此造成热液活动区和上限覆水体的物理和化学异常。海底热测量、海底岩石取样、水体的CH4、^3He和Mn异常观测、硅氧异常观测、多波束测量、OBS观测、深潜调查等都是进行现代海底热液活动调查研究的重要手段。其中水体异常的观测是最为快捷有效的，而深潜器直接观测是现代海底热液活动研究必不可少的。

Survey Methods of Modern Hydrothermal Activity

Modern hydrothermal activity is a progress of exchanging heat and mass between oceanic lithosphere and ocean which commonly developed among active oceanic plates margins and intro-plate volcanic center. The extremely feature of it is the high temperature fluid flow out from the sea floor and causes physical and chemical anomaly both in the upper water body and the area around the hydrothermal field. Heat flow measurement, rock sampling, CH 4? 3He?MnSi?O measurement, sea beam?OBS and submersible measurements are all the survey methods to study the modern hydrothermal activities. Among this, hydrothermal plume measurement is the fast and effective method, submersible mobile is absolutely necessary in the study of modern hydrothermal activities.