全方位自然电场观测方法和观测技术研究

自然电场是一种物理意义比较明确， 变化(孕震)机理相对明晰的地球物理场， 在矿产资源勘探、 水文地质勘测等领域有着比较广泛的应用， 在地震监测领域也有了多年的探索和实践. 本文在初步研究全方位自然电场观测方法的基础上， 重点分析和讨论了基于全方位自然电场观测技术， 包括一种Pb-PbCl₂不极化电极、 多测道高精度数据测量、 网络控制与数据通信等组件和模块的基本原理和技术实现方法， 便携式设计和环境温度适应能力的技术实现途径等， 并对天津市静海地震台的自然电场试验观测系统及观测数据进行了简要介绍和分析讨论. 结果表明: ① 全方位自然电场观测方法能够捕捉到各个方向自然电场及其随时间的变化； ② 自然电场观测技术系统能够配合全方位自然电场观测方法， 在360°范围内开展自然电场及其随时间变化的动态变化测量， 具有较高的观测精度、 较强的抗干扰能力和观测环境适应能力； ③ 天津市静海地震台的试验观测系统记录到了可能与周边水系的季节性变化有关的自然电场全方位变化. 

Research on the observation methods and techniques of omni-directional spontaneous electric field

Spontaneous electric field is a kind of geophysical field with clear physical meaning and variation mechanism, which is used in various domains like mineral resource prospecting, hydrogeologic survey and earthquake monitoring. Based on preliminary study on omni-directional spontaneous electric field observation methods, this paper focuses on the analysis and discussion of spontaneous electric field observation techniques, including a kind of Pb-PbCl₂ non-polarized electrode, multi-channel high-precision data measurement, network control and data communication, and technical realization of portable design and environmental temperature adaptability. Finally, it presents a brief introduction and discussion on the observation system and data of the spontaneous electric field at Jinghai seismic station in Tianjin Municipality. The results show that ① omni-directional spontaneous electric field variation with time could be captured by this method; ② measurement of electric field and its temporal change in 360° azimuthal range could be carried out by using the spontaneous electric field observation techniques, which have high observation precision, strong ability of anti-interference and strong environmental adaptability; ③ multi-directional changes of spontaneous electric field, which were possibly related to seasonal changes of the surrounding water, were recorded by the test observation system of Jinghai seismic station.