2022年日本福岛7.4级地震东北新干线震害分析

2022年3月16日日本福岛县发生了M7.4级地震，不仅造成了大量铁路基础设施破坏，而且导致了一辆行驶中的新干线列车脱轨。本文介绍了东北新干线在此次地震中的震害特点和应急功能恢复情况，总结了此次地震震害的典型特征及启示。通过与2021年福岛地震和2011年东日本大地震的震害情况进行比较，从强震特点、列车脱轨、土木结构损伤和电气设施损伤等几方面对该铁路系统在此次地震中的震害特点进行了分析，从抗震韧性角度讨论了此次地震应急恢复时间，总结了日本铁路设施抗震的经验和对我国铁路设施抗震的启示。分析表明：随着地震强度的增大，可能伴有轨道变形、墩柱开裂和横系梁开裂等震害现象，甚至出现列车脱轨。从震害现象的比较中，可以看出东日本大地震以来的维修加固措施是具有一定成效，但列车防脱轨系统的有效性还需进一步检验，设计还需进一步完善。

Analysis of the earthquake damage of the Tohoku Shinkansen in the 2022 Fukushima earthquake with a magnitude of 7.4

On March 16, 2022, an earthquake of magnitude M7.4 occurred in Fukushima Prefecture, Japan, which not only caused extensive damage to railway infrastructure, but also caused a moving Shinkansen train to derail. This paper introduces the characteristics of earthquake damage and emergency function recovery of the Northeast Shinkansen in this earthquake, and summarizes the typical characteristics and enlightenment of the earthquake damage. By comparing with the earthquake damage of the 2021 Fukushima earthquake and the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake, the earthquake damage of the railway system in this earthquake is analyzed from the characteristics of strong earthquakes, train derailment, bridge structural damage and electrical facilities. The characteristics are analyzed, the emergency recovery time of this earthquake is discussed from the perspective of seismic toughness, and the earthquake resistance experience of Japans railway facilities and the enlightenment for my countrys railway facilities are summarized. The analysis shows that with the increase of earthquake intensity, there may be seismic damages such as track deformation, pier column cracking, transverse tie beam cracking, and even train derailment. From the comparison of earthquake damage, it can be seen that the maintenance and reinforcement measures since the Great East Japan Earthquake have achieved certain results, but the effectiveness of the train derailment prevention system needs to be further tested and improved.