金属矿地球物理勘探技术与设备:回顾与进展

地球物理勘探技术是深部矿产资源勘查的主要技术手段.长期以来,我国地球物理勘查技术和仪器严重依赖国外进口,国产勘查技术无论仪器设备,还是方法、软件尚不能满足日益增长的深部矿产勘查需求."十二五"国家高技术研究发展计划（863计划）资源环境技术领域设立了"深部矿产资源勘探技术"重大项目,以提高深部矿产资源探测的深度、精度、分辨率和抗干扰能力为目标,研发高精度重磁探测技术、电法及电磁探测技术、地震探测、钻探和井中探测技术和装备.经过4年的攻关研究,突破了高精度微重力传感器、铯光泵磁场传感器、宽带感应式电磁传感器等10余项关键技术;研发、完善和升级了地面高精度数字重力仪、质子磁力仪、大功率伪随机广域电磁探测系统、分布式多参数电磁探测系统等18套勘探地球物理仪器设备;创新和完善了20余项勘探地球物理数据处理、正反演方法,研发和完善了2套适合金属矿数据处理及解释的大型软件系统,和8套其他专用软件系统,大幅度提升了我国地球物理勘探技术水平.本文旨在介绍项目取得的主要成果,首先回顾我国地球物理勘探技术的发展历程,然后再重点介绍"深部矿产资源勘探技术"重大项目取得的主要成果和进展,最后对发展我国地球物理勘探技术提出作者的看法和建议.

Review on advancement in technology and equipment of geophysical exploration for metallic deposits in China

Geophysical technology is a main technical tool of exploration for deep mineral resources. For a long time, China's technology and equipment in this industry rely heavily on imports, the Chinese made exploration techniques, whether instruments or equipment, and methods or software, cannot meet the growing demand in the country. To tackle this problem, a major project "Exploration Techniques for Deep Mineral Resources" was initiated as part of the National 863 Program in the 12th Five-year Plan of China. It focused on increasing the exploration depth, precision, resolution and the anti-interference capability of exploration and developing technology and equipment of high-precision gravity-magnetic, electrical and electromagnetic, seismic, drilling and down-hole exploration. After 4 years of efforts, more than 10 key technologies have been broken through, such as the high-precision microgravity sensor, cesium optical pump magnetic field sensor and broadband induction electromagnetic sensor; 18 sets of exploration geophysical instruments and equipment have been developed, improved and upgraded respectively, including ground high-precision digital gravimeters, proton magnetometers, high-power pseudo-random wide-field electromagnetic detection systems, and distributed multi-parameter electromagnetic detection systems. Meanwhile, 20 exploration geophysical data processing and inversion methods have been innovated and improved; 2 sets of large-scale software systems suitable for data processing and interpretation of metallic deposits and 8 sets of other special software systems have been developed and improved. These achievements have greatly raised the technical level of geophysical exploration in China. This paper aims to introduce primary achievements of this project. Firstly, it reviews the development history of geophysical exploration technology in China, and then presents main achievements and progress of the major project of "Deep Mineral Resources Exploration Technology". Finally, we give our views and suggestions on the further development of geophysical exploration technology in China.