青藏高原地表温度的比较分析

利用青藏高原改则、甘孜、拉萨和那曲气象站的地面水银温度计观测的地面0 cm温度和地面向上、大气向下长波辐射观测资料，计算和比较分析了地面水银表温度与地表辐射温度的差异.分析表明，由于地面水银温度计接触式测温方法的局限性，使得气象台站观测场地的地面水银表温度存在较大的误差：在裸露地表，夏季白天的正偏差可达4℃以上，夜间的负偏差在-2℃左右；在稠密植被地表，白天正偏差最高可达16℃以上，夜间的负偏差可达-3℃.由于偏差的不均衡性和离散性，即使对地面水银表温度作简单平均或积分平均处理，其代表性仍然很差.在对地表温度准确性要求较高的定量化研究与应用中，应避免直接采用地面水银表温度资料，即使由于资料缺乏而以其代之，也应对其采取适当的订正补偿等处理措施.随着科学研究对地表温度准确性的更高要求，推广使用地表辐射测温的观测方法是必要的.

Analyzing and measuring the surface temperature of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

For Qinghai Tibet Plateau 0 cm temperatures are measured by mercury thermometer at weather stations. Also they can be obtained by upward and downward longwave radiation and the differences between both temperatures are analyzed in this paper. The results show that, because the limitation of the measure method used mercury thermometer on the weather station observation field, there is an measuring error for the surface temperature measured by this method. On the bare surface, the difference in day can be over 4 ℃ in the summer, and the negative difference at night can be about -2 ℃. On the dense vegetation surface, the highest difference in day can be over 16℃, and the negative difference at night can be about -3 ℃. Because the differences are discrete and non proportional, the representation of the surface temperature measured by mercury thermometer is very bad even make the average or integral process. With the more high accuracy and reliability are requested, it is important and necessary to popularize the surface temperature measure method based on the surface radiation.