哈尼梯田人工湿地旅游利用中生态系统可持续性及其传统文化保护

通过对哈尼梯田形成自然条件、生态特征以及旅游开发利用中利益分配带来的老百姓生存发展与地方经济发展矛盾的分析,探讨了旅游可能引发的对哈尼传统文化及其道德观念的冲击和影响。同时,分析了四素同构复合生态系统中森林植被破坏及植被恢复中树种单一、过分追求经济利益而忽视水源涵养功能的问题,揭示了开展旅游必须考虑哈尼梯田不仅是景观资源,更是物质生产生活资料,是当地老百姓世世代代生存发展的物质基础,其所产生的附带价值在没有对其增加实际投入的情况下,应该归梯田的主人所有这一基本属性。提出了建立和健全梯田入股的利益分配机制和梯田多种生态服务功能综合管理的对策,建议科学地保护恢复植被及其传统文化。

The Ecological Sustainability and the Protection of Traditional Cultururing Tourism Development for Hani Terraced Fields

Through the analysis of the natural conditions and ecological characteristics of Hani terraced fields,as well as the conflicts brought by the benefits from the tourism development between the existence and development for local residents and local economic growth,the potential impacts on Hani’s traditional culture and their moral concepts by tourism development were discussed.Meanwhile,deterioration of forest vegetation,extensive use of single species and over pursuit of economic benefits by ignoring its function of water reservation in vegetation restoration,and disorderly management during tourism development were analyzed.It was to reveal that Hani terraced fields serve as not only a landscape resource,but also a living material for production and the basis of existence and development for the local residents for generations,therefore,the incidental value of the terraced fields,under the condition that there is no additional actual investment in it,should be returned to the owners of the terraced fields.These factors should be taken into account during tourism development.Thus,the establishment and improvement of benefits sharing mechanism and a strategy of integrated ecosystem management were proposed.Measures were also proposed for effective protection of restored vegetation and related traditional culture.