基于SE-DEA的国家公园管理效能评估——-以十个国家公园体制试点为例

国家公园管理效能评估是国家公园建设发展领域的研究要点。本文综合了国家公园监管制度、设施完善、开发利用、环境保护、生态维护各环节投入以及实施效果等产出情况,建立了基于SE-DEA的效能评价模型,确定投入与产出指标,采用德尔菲法对定性指标进行量化处理,利用所建效能评价方法分别对我国十个国家公园体制试点2017年的管理效能进行评估和比较,再根据所得结论查找管理短板,算出改进方向与额度,并给出有针对性的建议。结果显示:(1)神农架(E)、云南香格里拉普达措(D)、湖南南山(G)和祁连山(J)国家公园体制试点在2017年的管理工作中投入过多、实施效果较差,为DEA无效,且有效性E>D>G>J;三江源(A)、东北虎豹(C)、浙江钱江源(F)、福建武夷山(H)、北京长城(I)和大熊猫(B)国家公园体制试点在2017年的管理效果相对较好,为DEA弱有效,且有效性A>C>F>H>I>B。(2)无效的国家公园体制试点需要在管理过程中对控制性指标进行额度调整,使管理效能达到DEA(弱)有效。(3)本文所建指标体系和评价方法可用于评估不同国家公园体制试点在同一时间段内的管理效能,也可用于评估同一国家公园体制试点在不同时期的管理效能,能较好地反映各国家公园体制试点的管理水平,可为形成科学的国家公园管理效能评价指标体系和评价方法提供参考依据。

Evaluation of National Park Management Effectiveness Based on SE-DEA:A Case Study of Ten National Parks System

The evaluation of national park management effectiveness is the key point in the research of national park construction and development.This paper synthesizes the inputs and outputs of national park supervision system,facilities improvement,development and utilization,environmental protection and ecological maintenance,so as to establish an effectiveness evaluation model based on SE-DEA,identify input and output indicators and quantify the qualitative indexes using Delphi method.By applying the established effectiveness evaluation method,this study is designed to evaluate and compare the management effectiveness of ten national park system pilots in China in 2017,and accordingly find the management weakness,figure out the improvement direction and quota,as well as give targeted suggestions.The conclusions were as follows:(1)Shennongjia(E),Yunnan Shangri-La Pudacuo(D),Hunan Nanshan(G)and Qilian Mountain(J)National Park System Pilots invested too much in the management in 2017 and the implementation effects were poor,which were DEA invalid,with an effectiveness comparison of E>D>G>J;the management effects of the Sanjiangyuan(A),Northeast Tiger Leopard(C),Zhejiang Qianjiangyuan(F),Fujian Wuyishan(H),Beijing Great Wall(I)and Giant Panda(B)National Park System Pilots were relatively well in 2017,which were DEA weak effective,with a comparison of A>C>F>H>I>B.(2)Ineffective national park system pilots need to adjust the control index in the management process to make the management DEA(weak)effective.(3)The evaluation index system and evaluation method proposed in the paper could be used to evaluate the management effectiveness of different national park system pilots in the same period of time,and could also be used to evaluate the management effectiveness of the same national park system pilot in different periods,and could better reflect the management level of each national park system pilot and provide reference for the formation of scientific national park management effectiveness evaluation index system and evaluation method.