基于集聚与生态价值组合特征的乡村聚落重构——-以福州山区为例

明确乡村聚落重构模式与方向是统筹城乡协调发展、促进区域乡村振兴的重要环节。本文基于福州山区2015年遥感影像解译数据,划分“三生空间”用地类型,提取乡村聚落斑块,运用核密度估计、生态系统服务价值评价等方法分析其乡村聚落空间分布特征,构建基于集聚与生态价值组合特征的乡村聚落重构方向识别方法和差异化重构思路。结果表明:(1)福州山区乡村聚落空间分布以高生态中密度组合特征区为主,面积216.39 km2,占研究区总面积的29.53%,多集中于乡镇中心、道路和河流沿线,整体集聚与生态价值适中,但西南部乡村聚落生态建设有待加强;(2)运用成本加权距离测算中心区乡村聚落可达性等级,以此作为边界参考,结合集聚与生态价值组合特征,将研究区划分为A^J共10个不同特征的重构范围区;(3)依据各重构范围区表征出不同的集聚与生态价值组合特征,提出了城镇集聚型、中心村建设型、内部协调型和生态保护型等4种乡村聚落重构模式与空间重构方向,并探讨了差异化重构思路。研究结果为福州山区乡村聚落转型发展及城乡融合提供了科学依据和理论基础。

A Physiology of Space Reconstruction of Rural Settlements Based on Composite Features of Agglomeration Effect and Ecological Effects--A Case Study of Mountainous Area of Fuzhou,China

It is important to identify restructuring pattern and directions of rural settlements for not only the harmonious development between urban and rural areas but also the regional rural revitalization.Based on the remote sensing image interpretation data of mountain area in Fuzhou in 2015,the land use type was divided into“product-life-ecology space”;rural settlement patches were extracted;the spatial distribution features of the rural settlements were analyzed by means of kernel density estimation and eco-system service value evaluation and the method of identifying restructuring direction for rural settlement and differentiated restructuring design were proposed on the basis of composite features of agglomeration and ecological value.The results showed:(1)The combination of high ecological value and moderate density dominated the spatial distribution of rural settlement in mountain area in Fuzhou,with an area of 216.39 km2,accounting for 29.53%of the whole study area,concentrated in the town center,along roads and rivers.The overall agglomeration and ecological value were moderate,except the ecological construction of rural settlement in southwestern area needs to be strengthened.(2)The accessibility level of rural settlement was estimated according to cost weighting distance as a reference for boundary,in order to reveal the different spatial information and radiation of the rural settlements.Based on composite features of agglomeration and ecological value,10 restructuring areas with different characteristics were partitioned,ranging from A^J.(3)Four restructuring modes and directions,including urbanization agglomeration,key village construction,inner cooperation and ecological protection were proposed according to composite features of agglomeration and ecological value in different reconstruction area.Meanwhile,differentiated reconstruction path was put forwarded in the paper refer to core ideas of reconstruction,such as focusing on urban areas,improving the quality of life of residents,and retaining settlements with high ecological value.The research provides a theoretical basis for the transformation and development of rural settlement and urban-rural integration in the mountain area in Fuzhou.