基于土地利用转移流的国土空间格局演变及其驱动机制研究——以宁夏原州区为例

提出了基于土地利用转移流的溯源分析法,结合社会网络分析方法与核密度分析法,探究了2000—2018年原州区国土空间格局演变及其动力机制。结果表明：（1） 原州区的三生空间向生产空间增效、生活空间扩容、生态空间提质的方向演化,生产、生活和生态用地结构由2000年的44.76%、2.90%、52.34%调整为2018年的41.17%、6.29%、52.54%。（2） 原州区的三生空间变化与现行国土空间优化目标有较高的契合度,生态用地的转入主要发生在不宜耕作或不宜居住的区域,体现“生态空间山清水秀”导向;生产空间通过坡改梯田、提供灌溉条件以提升水土资源集约利用水平,体现“生产空间集约高效”导向;生活空间的扩张主要发生在居住条件更为适宜的河谷区,体现“生活空间宜居”导向。（3） 三生空间格局演变表现出明显的空间集聚性,呈现出六盘山阴湿区为带状高值区、黄土丘陵沟壑区为散点高值区、清水河谷为团块状高值区的特征,且不同地类变化的空间集聚性特征有所不同。（4） 基于土地利用转移流溯源法提出了原州区三生空间演变的“动力-响应-结果”传导性动力机制;生态建设是国土空间格局演变最重要的驱动力,其次是水土资源集约利用,二者为国土空间格局优化作出重要贡献;水土流失是各类用地向未利用地转化的重要动力,今后仍需加大对水土流失的治理。通过探究经济与生态双重制约区国土空间变化特征及其动力机制,为国土空间优化提供决策参考。

Evolution of territorial spatial pattern and its driving mechanism based on land use transfer flow:A case of Yuanzhou District in Ningxia

Based on the analysis of land use transfer flow, social network analysis method, and kernel density analysis method, this paper explores the evolution of land spatial patterns and their dynamic mechanism of Yuanzhou District, Guyuan City, southern Ningxia, China from 2000 to 2018. The main results are as follows. (1) The land use structure of production-living-ecological space has changed from 44.76%, 2.90%, and 52.34% in 2000 to 41.17%, 6.29%, and 52.54% in 2018, respectively, showing the decrease in production land, a considerable expansion of living land, and a weak expansion of ecological land use. (2) Dryland, forest land, natural grassland, and other grassland are important land types that affect land use transfer in Yuanzhou District. The land use transfer among the major land types determines the basic framework of the production-living-ecological space land transfer network in the Yuanzhou District. Reflecting the orientation that “ecological space is represented by beautiful mountains and clear waters”, the areas converted to ecological land mainly occur in regions unsuitable for agriculture and human habitation. In areas with suitable slopes, farmland is changed, and irrigation conditions are enhanced to improve the intensive use of water and soil resources, reflecting the guiding principle of “production space is represented by intensive and efficient production”. The expansion of living space occurs in gentle river valleys with suitable living conditions, reflecting the orientation of “living space is livable”. (3) The overall characteristics of the production-living-ecological space evolution are as follows: The humid region of Liupan Mountain is a high-value region extending from north to south. The loess hilly and gully region is a scattered high-value region. Sanying Town, Touying Town, and Huangduopu Town in the Qingshui River Valley are high-value regions of surface shape. Guanting Town is an important area centered on the county seat. The transfer flows of different major land types show different spatial agglomeration characteristics. (4) The evolution of land spatial patterns in Yuanzhou District was driven by rural human settlement construction, urbanization and industrialization, intensive use of water and soil resources, and ecological construction. This was addressed by the flow of land use transfer and resulted from the evolution of the quantitative structure and spatial patterns of production-ecological space. As a result, a dynamic mechanism of production-living-ecological space transmission was proposed in Yuanzhou District. Ecological construction was found to be the most important driving force of spatial pattern evolution in Yuanzhou District, followed by intensive use of water and soil resources, contributing 49.40% and 31.01% to the spatial evolution of production-living-ecological space in Yuanzhou District, respectively. Soil and water loss is still an important driving force for land conversion to unused land, accounting for 13.02%. Based on land use transfer flow trace analysis, the driving mechanism analysis method provides a new perspective and approach for research on the driving forces of territorial spatial evolution.