马六甲海峡-南海航线与当代中国经济发展*

中国大陆东部受太平洋板块向亚洲大陆板块的俯冲,形成一系列岛链,而岛链间的海峡是中国通往世界的咽喉水道。2004年中国国内生产总值136515亿元人民币(约为16854亿美元), 外贸交易总额达11548亿美元,其中90 ％ 以上的对外贸易是通过海洋运输实现的,而马六甲海峡—南海航线最为重要。马六甲海峡位于巽他陆架上,水深25~113m, 航道仅宽2.7~3.6km; 南海是西北太平洋最大的边缘海, 海底地貌复杂, 珊瑚礁滩广布, 地质构造及海底地貌情况决定了中国国际运输航线是经过南海西沙群岛和中沙群岛之间的中沙海槽, 向南通过南沙群岛西侧西卫滩与李准滩之间, 通过马来半岛一侧马六甲海峡主航道进入印度洋的。这条航线是中国能源、贸易运输的咽喉,包括有:1)中国石油进口主要地区。中东(占总进口的50.79 ％ )和非洲(占总进口的24.63 ％ )均要经过马六甲海峡—南海航线;2)马六甲海峡—南海航线是中欧贸易和中国—美国东部贸易咽喉;3)马六甲海峡—南海航线是中国与东亚港口的生命线。

NAVIGATION ROUTE OF MALACCA STRAIT—SOUTH CHINA SEA AND MODERN ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF CHINA

The East China coast is composed of a series of Arc Islands formed by the Pacific Plate subducting to the Asian Continental Plate. Several channels between these Arc Islands ,such as the Tsugaru Strait, Korea Strait, Osumi Strait, Bashi Channel, Sunda Strait and Malacca Strait are the gateways of marine transportation route which connects China with the rest of the world.By the year of 2004, according to statistic data the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of China was 13.65 trillion RMB (about 1.68 trillion US dollars), with the annual increase rate of 9.5 ％ compared with the year of 2003. The sum of foreign trade in GDP was 1.15 trillion USD in 2004, with the net increasing rate of 35.7 ％ compared with 2003. It should be mentioned that 90 ％ of Chinese foreign trade is through marine transportation, and the Malacca Strait—South China Sea navigate route carries out most of the cargos. Malacca Strait is on the Sunda Plate with shallow water, and the international marine route is only 2.7~3.6km in width and 25~113m in depth. The South China Sea is the biggest marginal sea between Continental Asia and the Pacific Ocean, with the main submarine geomorphology including a rhomb shaped oceanic central basin, block-stepping shaped continental slopes on both sides of the central basin, and continental shelves that mainly distribute on the north, west and south side of the South China Sea. The International Ship Line in South China Sea is through the Zhongsha Trough between Xisha Island (Paracel Island) and Zhongsha Island (Macclesfield Bank), then passes by the middle of Xiwei Bank and Lizhun Bank in the west side of Nansha Island (Spratly Island) to the Malacca Strait. Nowadays, Malacca Strait—South China Sea navigation route is critical to China Economic development not only in petroleum transportation but also in China overseas trade route. For example, petroleum imports of China from Middle East (50.79 ％ of total) and Africa (24.63 ％ of total) are both through this route. In addition, the China—E.U. trade and China—U.S.(East Coast) trade are both largely through this route, and it is also the major, if not the only link between China and other East Asia harbours, especially for large sized container ship(65000DWT).The Malacca Strait—South China Sea navigation route, as the throat of marine transportation to modern China economic development, thus need to be paid more attention on its safety and smooth function.